Blackouts can serve as a contextual feature and enhance resurgence.

Autor: Martinez-Perez CN; Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, USA., Ritchey CM; Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, USA., Kuroda T; Huckle Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan; Aichi Bunkyo University, Japan., Podlesnik CA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, USA. Electronic address: cpodlesnik@auburn.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Behavioural processes [Behav Processes] 2022 Feb; Vol. 195, pp. 104587. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104587
Abstrakt: Resurgence occurs when a worsening of conditions for an alternative response (e.g., extinction) increases a previously reinforced and subsequently extinguished target response. In contrast, renewal is an increase in a response previously eliminated by extinction following a contextual change. Moreover, arranging contextual changes during resurgence tests has enhanced relapse compared with the absence of contextual changes. Several laboratory studies evaluating resurgence in humans have included interruptions of operant tasks by presenting instructions or "blackouts" immediately prior to phase changes in which reinforcement contingencies change. Such interruptions could enhance relapse during testing similarly to changes in contextual stimuli. We tested this possibility in the present study with human participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk by interrupting the task across groups with 1-s blackouts every 12 s, 60 s, between phases, or by arranging no blackouts in a control group. We found that blackouts prior to phase changes increased resurgence effects relative to no blackouts, suggesting that blackouts between phases are a type of contextual manipulation serving to increase the salience of contingency changes.
(Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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