Nanoparticles as Alternatives for the Control of Haemonchus contortus : A Systematic Approach to Unveil New Anti-haemonchiasis Agents.

Autor:	Ali R; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan., Ahmad N; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan., Mussarat S; Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan., Majid A; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan., Alnomasy SF; Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Khan SN; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in veterinary science [Front Vet Sci] 2021 Dec 13; Vol. 8, pp. 789977. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 13 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fvets.2021.789977
Abstrakt:	Haemonchus contortus is an infectious gastrointestinal nematode parasite of small ruminants. This study addresses the in vitro / in vivo anti-haemonchiasis potential, toxicological effects, and mechanism of action of nanoparticles. Online databases were used to search and retrieve the published literature (2000 to 2021). A total of 18 articles were selected and reviewed, out of which, 13 (72.2%) studies reported in vitro , 9 (50.0%) in vivo , and 4 (22.2%) both in vitro / in vivo efficacy of different nanoparticles. Mostly, organic nanoparticles (77.7%) were used including polymeric (85.7%) and lipid nanoparticles (14.3%). The highest efficacy, in vitro , of 100% resulted from using encapsulated bromelain against eggs, larvae, and adult worm mortality at 4, 2, and 1 mg/ml, respectively. While in vivo , encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana oil reduced worm burden by 83.75% and encapsulated Cymbopogon citratus nano-emulsion by 83.1%. Encapsulated bromelain, encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana oil, and encapsulated Cymbopogon citratus nano-emulsion were safe and non-toxic in vivo . Encapsulated bromelain damaged the cuticle, caused paralysis, and death. Nanoparticles could be a potential source for developing novel anthelmintic drugs to overcome the emerging issue of anthelmintic resistance in H. contortus . Studies on molecular effects, toxicological consequences, and different pharmacological targets of nanoparticles are required in future research. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Ali, Ahmad, Mussarat, Majid, Alnomasy and Khan.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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