Plant neighbours can make or break the disease transmission chain of a fungal root pathogen.

Autor: Ampt EA; Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands., van Ruijven J; Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands., Zwart MP; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB, the Netherlands., Raaijmakers JM; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB, the Netherlands., Termorshuizen AJ; Aad Termorshuizen Consultancy, Kabeljauwallee 11, Doorwerth, 6865 BL, the Netherlands., Mommer L; Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The New phytologist [New Phytol] 2022 Feb; Vol. 233 (3), pp. 1303-1316. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 07.
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17866
Abstrakt: Biodiversity can reduce or increase disease transmission. These divergent effects suggest that community composition rather than diversity per se determines disease transmission. In natural plant communities, little is known about the functional roles of neighbouring plant species in belowground disease transmission. Here, we experimentally investigated disease transmission of a fungal root pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani) in two focal plant species in combinations with four neighbour species of two ages. We developed stochastic models to test the relative importance of two transmission-modifying mechanisms: (1) infected hosts serve as nutrient supply to increase hyphal growth, so that successful disease transmission is self-reinforcing; and (2) plant resistance increases during plant development. Neighbouring plants either reduced or increased disease transmission in the focal plants. These effects depended on neighbour age, but could not be explained by a simple dichotomy between hosts and nonhost neighbours. Model selection revealed that both transmission-modifying mechanisms are relevant and that focal host-neighbour interactions changed which mechanisms steered disease transmission rate. Our work shows that neighbour-induced shifts in the importance of these mechanisms across root networks either make or break disease transmission chains. Understanding how diversity affects disease transmission thus requires integrating interactions between focal and neighbour species and their pathogens.
(© 2021 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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