| Autor: |
Freitas LF; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Ferreira AH; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.; MackGraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterial Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo 01302-907, Brazil., Thipe VC; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Varca GHC; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Lima CSA; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Batista JGS; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Riello FN; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Nogueira K; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Cruz CPC; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Mendes GOA; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Rodrigues AS; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Sousa TS; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Alves VM; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil., Lugão AB; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
The synthesis and engineering of nanomaterials offer more robust systems for the treatment of cancer, with technologies that combine therapy with imaging diagnostic tools in the so-called nanotheranostics. Among the most studied systems, there are quantum dots, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles. Most of the advantages of nanomaterials over the classic anticancer therapies come from their optimal size, which prevents the elimination by the kidneys and enhances their permeation in the tumor due to the abnormal blood vessels present in cancer tissues. Furthermore, the drug delivery and the contrast efficiency for imaging are enhanced, especially due to the increased surface area and the selective accumulation in the desired tissues. This property leads to the reduced drug dose necessary to exert the desired effect and for a longer action within the tumor. Finally, they are made so that there is no degradation into toxic byproducts and have a lower immune response triggering. In this article, we intend to review and discuss the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for lung, breast, and prostate cancer, as they are among the most prevalent worldwide. |
