The Perfect Cytokine Storm: How Peripheral Immune Challenges Impact Brain Plasticity & Memory Function in Aging.

Autor:	Muscat SM; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Barrientos RM; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [Brain Plast] 2021 Aug 23; Vol. 7 (1), pp. 47-60. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 23 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3233/BPL-210127
Abstrakt:	Precipitous declines in cognitive function can occur in older individuals following a variety of peripheral immune insults, such as surgery, infection, injury, and unhealthy diet. Aging is associated with numerous changes to the immune system that shed some light on why this abrupt cognitive deterioration may occur. Normally, peripheral-to-brain immune signaling is tightly regulated and advantageous; communication between the two systems is bi-directional, via either humoral or neural routes. Following an immune challenge, production, secretion, and translocation of cytokines into the brain is critical to the development of adaptive sickness behaviors. However, aging is normally associated with neuroinflammatory priming, notably microglial sensitization. Microglia are the brain's innate immune cells and become sensitized with advanced age, such that upon immune stimulation they will mount more exaggerated neuroimmune responses. The resultant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, namely IL-1β, has profound effects on synaptic plasticity and, consequentially, cognition. In this review, we (1) investigate the processes which lead to aberrantly elevated inflammatory cytokine expression in the aged brain and (2) examine the impact of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β on brain plasticity mechanisms, including its effects on BDNF, AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated long-term potentiation. Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to report. (© 2021 – The authors. Published by IOS Press.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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