Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress.

Autor:	García-Moreno JA; CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.; CEINSAUAL Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain., Cañadas-Pérez F; CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.; CEINSAUAL Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain., García-García J; CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain., Roldan-Tapia MD; CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.; CEINSAUAL Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in psychology [Front Psychol] 2021 Sep 03; Vol. 12, pp. 673596. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 03 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673596
Abstrakt:	The aims of the present study were to assess the possible interaction between Cognitive Reserve (CR) and State Anxiety (SA) on adrenocortical and physiological responses in coping situations. Forty healthy, middle-aged men completed the Cognitive Reserve Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. We used an Observational Fear Conditioning (OFC) paradigm in order to assess emotional learning and to induce stress. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and salivary cortisol concentrations were measured throughout the conditions. Our results indicate that those who indicated having higher state anxiety showed a lower capacity for learning the contingency, along with presenting higher salivary cortisol peak response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. The most prominent finding was the interaction between cognitive reserve and state anxiety on cortisol response to the post observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Thus, those who showed a high anxiety-state and, at the same time, a high cognitive reserve did not present an increased salivary cortisol response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Given these results, we postulate that the state anxiety reported by participants, reflects emotional activation that hinders the attention needed to process and associate emotional stimuli. However, cognitive reserve has an indirect relation with conditioning, enabling better emotional learning. In this context, cognitive reserve demonstrated a protective effect on hormonal response in coping situations, when reported anxiety or emotional activation were high. These findings suggest that cognitive reserve could be used as a tool to deal with the effects of stressors in life situations, limiting development of the allostatic load. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 García-Moreno, Cañadas-Pérez, García-García and Roldan-Tapia.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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