A Systematic Review of Neighborhood-Level Influences on HIV Vulnerability.

Autor: Brawner BM; M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Avenue, Office 212, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA. Bridgette.brawner@villanova.edu., Kerr J; Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA., Castle BF; Department of Public Health Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA., Bannon JA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA., Bonett S; Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Stevens R; Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., James R; Biomedical Library, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Bowleg L; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: AIDS and behavior [AIDS Behav] 2022 Mar; Vol. 26 (3), pp. 874-934. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 03.
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03448-w
Abstrakt: A better understanding of the social-structural factors that influence HIV vulnerability is crucial to achieve the goal of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030. Given the role of neighborhoods in HIV outcomes, synthesis of findings from such research is key to inform efforts toward HIV eradication. We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between neighborhood-level factors (e.g., poverty) and HIV vulnerability (via sexual behaviors and substance use). We searched six electronic databases for studies published from January 1, 2007 through November 30, 2017 (PROSPERO CRD42018084384). We also mapped the studies' geographic distribution to determine whether they aligned with high HIV prevalence areas and/or the "Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for the United States". Fifty-five articles met inclusion criteria. Neighborhood disadvantage, whether measured objectively or subjectively, is one of the most robust correlates of HIV vulnerability. Tests of associations more consistently documented a relationship between neighborhood-level factors and drug use than sexual risk behaviors. There was limited geographic distribution of the studies, with a paucity of research in several counties and states where HIV incidence/prevalence is a concern. Neighborhood influences on HIV vulnerability are the consequence of centuries-old laws, policies and practices that maintain racialized inequities (e.g., racial residential segregation, inequitable urban housing policies). We will not eradicate HIV without multi-level, neighborhood-based approaches to undo these injustices. Our findings inform future research, interventions and policies.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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