Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.

Autor: Bauer M; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Michael.Bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de., Glenn T; ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA., Achtyes ED; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA., Alda M; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada., Agaoglu E; Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey., Altınbaş K; Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Mazhar Osman Mood Center, Konya, Turkey., Andreassen OA; NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Angelopoulos E; Department of Psychiatry, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece., Ardau R; Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy., Vares EA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Aydin M; Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey., Ayhan Y; Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey., Baethge C; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany., Bauer R; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Baune BT; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia., Balaban C; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Becerra-Palars C; National Institute of Psychiatry 'Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz', Mexico City, Mexico., Behere AP; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Michigan State University-CHM, Grand Rapids, MI, USA., Behere PB; Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, India., Belete H; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Belete T; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Belizario GO; Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil., Bellivier F; Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France., Belmaker RH; Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel., Benedetti F; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Berk M; Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia., Bersudsky Y; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel., Bicakci Ş; Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.; Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey., Birabwa-Oketcho H; Butabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda., Bjella TD; NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Brady C; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Cabrera J; Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile., Cappucciati M; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy., Castro AMP; Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia., Chen WL; Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan., Cheung EYW; Private Practice, Central, Hong Kong., Chiesa S; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy., Crowe M; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand., Cuomo A; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy., Dallaspezia S; Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Del Zompo M; Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy., Desai P; Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA., Dodd S; Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia., Donix M; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Etain B; Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France., Fagiolini A; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy., Fellendorf FT; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland., Fiedorowicz JG; Department of Psychiatry, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada., Fountoulakis KN; 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece., Frye MA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Geoffroy PA; Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.; GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France.; Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France., Gonzalez-Pinto A; BIOARABA, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain., Gottlieb JF; Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA., Grof P; Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ottawa, Canada., Haarman BCM; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Harima H; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan., Hasse-Sousa M; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Henry C; Department of Psychiatry, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France.; Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France., Høffding L; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Houenou J; Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France.; Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Imbesi M; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy., Isometsä ET; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland., Ivkovic M; University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia., Janno S; Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Johnsen S; Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark., Kapczinski F; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Karakatsoulis GN; 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece., Kardell M; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Kessing LV; Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark., Kim SJ; Department of Psychiatry, Cheongju Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea., König B; BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria., Kot TL; Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia., Koval M; Department of Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA., Kunz M; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Lafer B; Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil., Landén M; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Larsen ER; Mental Health Department Odense, University Clinic and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark., Lenger M; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria., Lewitzka U; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Licht RW; Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark., Lopez-Jaramillo C; Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia., MacKenzie A; Forensic Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK., Madsen HØ; Copenhagen University Hospitals, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Madsen SAKA; Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark., Mahadevan J; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India., Mahardika A; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia., Manchia M; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Marsh W; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA., Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M; Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, BioAraba Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain., Martiny K; Copenhagen University Hospitals, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Mashima Y; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., McLoughlin DM; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Meesters Y; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Melle I; NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Meza-Urzúa F; National Institute of Psychiatry 'Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz', Mexico City, Mexico., Ming MY; Department of General Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore., Monteith S; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City Campus, Traverse City, MI, USA., Moorthy M; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India., Morken G; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway., Mosca E; Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy., Mozzhegorov AA; Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital, Urai, Russia., Munoz R; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA., Mythri SV; Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Nacef F; Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia., Nadella RK; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India., Nakanotani T; Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan., Nielsen RE; Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark., O'Donovan C; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada., Omrani A; Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Lac 2, Tunis, Tunisia., Osher Y; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel., Ouali U; Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia., Pantovic-Stefanovic M; University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia., Pariwatcharakul P; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Petite J; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada., Pfennig A; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Ruiz YP; Hospital 'Ángeles del Pedregal', Mexico City, Mexico., Pilhatsch M; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Elblandklinikum Radebeul, Radebeul, Germany., Pinna M; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.; Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy., Pompili M; Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Porter R; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand., Quiroz D; Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile., Rabelo-da-Ponte FD; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Ramesar R; SA MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Rasgon N; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA., Ratta-Apha W; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Ratzenhofer M; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria., Redahan M; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Reddy MS; Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Reif A; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Reininghaus EZ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria., Richards JG; Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Ritter P; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Rybakowski JK; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland., Sathyaputri L; Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Scippa ÂM; Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil., Simhandl C; Bipolar Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud Privat Universität, Vienna, Austria., Severus E; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany., Smith D; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK., Smith J; Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Stackhouse PW Jr; Science Directorate/Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA., Stein DJ; Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit On Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Stilwell K; Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA., Strejilevich S; Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Su KP; College of Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, Taiwan.; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan., Subramaniam M; Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore., Sulaiman AH; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Suominen K; Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Tanra AJ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia., Tatebayashi Y; Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan., Teh WL; Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore., Tondo L; McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Mood Disorder Lucio Bini Centers, Cagliari e Roma, Italy., Torrent C; Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain., Tuinstra D; Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA., Uchida T; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Vaaler AE; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway., Veeh J; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Vieta E; Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain., Viswanath B; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India., Yoldi-Negrete M; Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City, Mexico., Yalcinkaya OK; Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey., Young AH; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Zgueb Y; Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia., Whybrow PC; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: International journal of bipolar disorders [Int J Bipolar Disord] 2021 Sep 01; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 26. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 01.
DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00231-7
Abstrakt: Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries.
Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun's electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries).
Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01.
Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and maximum monthly values, may increase the risk of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. With frequent circadian rhythm dysfunction and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, greater understanding of the optimal roles of daylight and electric lighting in circadian entrainment is needed.
(© 2021. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje