The Milieu Souterrain Superficiel as hibernation habitat for bats: implications for white-nose syndrome.

Autor:	Blejwas KM; Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Threatened, Endangered and Diversity Program, Juneau, AK, USA., Pendleton GW; Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Threatened, Endangered and Diversity Program, Juneau, AK, USA., Kohan ML; Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Threatened, Endangered and Diversity Program, Juneau, AK, USA., Beard LO; Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Threatened, Endangered and Diversity Program, Juneau, AK, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of mammalogy [J Mammal] 2021 Jun 10; Vol. 102 (4), pp. 1110-1127. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 10 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1093/jmammal/gyab050
Abstrakt:	Recent studies have revealed that western populations of little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus ) in North America exhibit different hibernation behavior than their eastern counterparts. Understanding these differences is essential for assessing the risk white-nose syndrome (WNS) poses to western bat populations. We used acoustic monitoring and radiotelemetry to study the overwintering behavior of little brown bats near Juneau, Alaska during 2011-2014. Our objectives were to identify the structures they use for hibernation, measure the microclimates within those structures, and determine the timing of immergence and emergence and the length of the hibernation season. We radiotracked 10 little brown bats to underground hibernacula dispersed along two ridge systems. All hibernacula were ≤ 24.2 km from where the bats were captured. Eight bats hibernated in the "Milieu Souterrain Superficiel" (MSS), a network of air-filled underground voids between the rock fragments found in scree (talus) deposits. Two bats hibernated in holes in the soil beneath the root system of a tree or stump (rootball). At least two hibernacula in the MSS were reused in subsequent years. Average MSS and rootball temperatures were warmer and more stable than ambient temperature and were well below the optimal growth range of the fungus that causes WNS. Temperatures in the MSS dropped below freezing, but MSS temperatures increased with depth, indicating bats could avoid subfreezing temperatures by moving deeper into the MSS. Relative humidity (RH) approached 100% in the MSS and under rootballs and was more stable than ambient RH, which also was high, but dropped substantially during periods of extreme cold. Acoustic monitoring revealed that bats hibernated by late October and began emerging by the second week of April; estimates of minimum length of the hibernation season ranged from 156 to 190 days. The cold temperatures, dispersed nature of the hibernacula, and close proximity of hibernacula to summering areas may slow the spread and reduce the impacts of WNS on local populations of little brown bats. (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Mammalogists.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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