| Autor: |
Uzarski DG; Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA., Wilcox DA; Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, NY, USA., Brady VJ; Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA., Cooper MJ; Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA.; Present address: Burke Center for Freshwater Innovation, Northland College, Ashland, WI, USA., Albert DA; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA., Ciborowski JJH; University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada., Danz NP; University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI, USA., Garwood A; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, MI, USA., Gathman JP; University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, USA., Gehring TM; Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA., Grabas GP; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada., Howe RW; University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA., Johnson LB; Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA., Lamberti GA; University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA., Moerke AH; Aquatic Research Laboratory, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, USA., Niemi GJ; Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA., Redder T; LimnoTech Corporate HQ, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Ruetz CR 3rd; Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, USA., Steinman AD; Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, USA., Tozer DC; Long Point Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Program, Bird Studies Canada, Port Rowan, ON, Canada., O'Donnell TK; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Traditionally, ecosystem monitoring, conservation, and restoration have been conducted in a piecemeal manner at the local scale without regional landscape context. However, scientifically driven conservation and restoration decisions benefit greatly when they are based on regionally determined benchmarks and goals. Unfortunately, required data sets rarely exist for regionally important ecosystems. Because of early recognition of the extreme ecological importance of Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands, and the extensive degradation that had already occurred, significant investments in coastal wetland research, protection, and restoration have been made in recent decades and continue today. Continued and refined assessment of wetland condition and trends, and the evaluation of restoration practices are all essential to ensuring the success of these investments. To provide wetland managers and decision makers throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes basin with the optimal tools and data needed to make scientifically-based decisions, our regional team of Great Lakes wetland scientists developed standardized methods and indicators used for assessing wetland condition. From a landscape perspective, at the Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystem scale, we established a stratified random-site-selection process to monitor birds, anurans, fish, macroinvertebrates, vegetation, and physicochemical conditions of coastal wetlands in the US and Canada. Monitoring of approximately 200 wetlands per year began in 2011 as the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Monitoring Program. In this paper, we describe the development, delivery, and expected results of this ongoing international, multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder, landscape-scale monitoring program as a case example of successful application of landscape conservation design. |
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