| Autor: |
Lagune M; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France., Petit C; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany., Sotomayor FV; National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany., Johansen MD; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.; Present address: Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Beckham KSH; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany., Ritter C; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany., Girard-Misguich F; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France., Wilmanns M; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany., Kremer L; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France., Maurer FP; National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hospital Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Herrmann JL; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.; APHP, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France. |
| Abstrakt: |
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a large group of micro-organisms comprising more than 200 individual species. Most NTM are saprophytic organisms and are found mainly in terrestrial and aquatic environments. In recent years, NTM have been increasingly associated with infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, prompting significant efforts to understand the diverse pathogenic and signalling traits of these emerging pathogens. Since the discovery of Type VII secretion systems (T7SS), there have been significant developments regarding the role of these complex systems in mycobacteria. These specialised systems, also known as Early Antigenic Secretion (ESX) systems, are employed to secrete proteins across the inner membrane. They also play an essential role in virulence, nutrient uptake and conjugation. Our understanding of T7SS in mycobacteria has significantly benefited over the last few years, from the resolution of ESX-3 structure in Mycobacterium smegmatis , to ESX-5 structures in Mycobacterium xenopi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In addition, ESX-4, considered until recently as a non-functional system in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria, has been proposed to play an important role in the virulence of Mycobacterium abscessus ; an increasingly recognized opportunistic NTM causing severe lung diseases. These major findings have led to important new insights into the functional mechanisms of these biological systems, their implication in virulence, nutrient acquisitions and cell wall shaping, and will be discussed in this review. |
