Pre-programming in overhand throwing of children with Down syndrome: role of the generalized motor program.
| Autor: | Vali Noghondar N; Department of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Sohrabi M; Department of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Taheri HR; Department of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Kobravi HR; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Khodashenas E; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | International journal of developmental disabilities [Int J Dev Disabil] 2019 Jul 31; Vol. 67 (3), pp. 229-235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 31. |
| DOI: | 10.1080/20473869.2019.1585693 |
| Abstrakt: | Objective: It is unclear whether slowness and higher reaction time of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are because of inability to pre-program and using the generalized motor program (GMP) or not. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of relative timing as a fixed feature of a GMP in overhand throwing with changing the distance to target as a varied feature. Methods: Fifteen individuals with DS (age = 13 ± 2 y) and a control group of 12 individuals without intellectual disability (ID; age = 13 ± 2 y) were asked to throw a tennis ball to a fixed target from three distances of 2, 2.75, and 3.25 m, respectively. Instant of occurrence of the following discrete variables was recorded by motion analysis: initiation of elbow extension, maximum shoulder angular velocity, maximum elbow angular velocity, and maximum resultant hand velocity. Results: Results of two-way analysis of variance test did not show any significant difference in any of the relative kinematic variables in distances and groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that individuals with DS are able to motor preprogram and they use a GMP to overhand throwing from different distances as well as those without ID. Also, slowness and reaction time are unrelated to pre-programming and GMP as it relates to overhand throwing. Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. (© The British Society of Developmental Disabilities 2019.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|