| Autor: |
Pace RM; Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Williams JE; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Robertson B; Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, Univeristy of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Univeristy of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA., Lackey KA; Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Meehan CL; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA., Price WJ; Statistical Programs, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Foster JA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Sellen DW; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada., Kamau-Mbuthia EW; Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru 20115, Kenya., Kamundia EW; Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru 20115, Kenya., Mbugua S; Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru 20115, Kenya., Moore SE; Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.; MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara P.O. Box 273, Gambia., Prentice AM; MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara P.O. Box 273, Gambia., Kita DG; Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 27601, Ethiopia., Kvist LJ; Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden., Otoo GE; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana., Ruiz L; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain., Rodríguez JM; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain., Pareja RG; Nutrition Research Institute, Lima 15023, Peru., McGuire MA; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Bode L; Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, Univeristy of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Univeristy of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA., McGuire MK; Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Previously published data from our group and others demonstrate that human milk oligosaccharide (HMOs), as well as milk and infant fecal microbial profiles, vary by geography. However, little is known about the geographical variation of other milk-borne factors, such as lactose and protein, as well as the associations among these factors and microbial community structures in milk and infant feces. Here, we characterized and contrasted concentrations of milk-borne lactose, protein, and HMOs, and examined their associations with milk and infant fecal microbiomes in samples collected in 11 geographically diverse sites. Although geographical site was strongly associated with milk and infant fecal microbiomes, both sample types assorted into a smaller number of community state types based on shared microbial profiles. Similar to HMOs, concentrations of lactose and protein also varied by geography. Concentrations of HMOs, lactose, and protein were associated with differences in the microbial community structures of milk and infant feces and in the abundance of specific taxa. Taken together, these data suggest that the composition of human milk, even when produced by relatively healthy women, differs based on geographical boundaries and that concentrations of HMOs, lactose, and protein in milk are related to variation in milk and infant fecal microbial communities. |
