| Autor: |
Lievens E; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Van Vossel K; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Van de Casteele F; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Krššák M; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III and High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Murdoch JB; Canon Medical Research, Cleveland, Ohio., Befroy DE; PeakAnalysts, Benenden, United Kingdom., Derave W; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. |
| Abstrakt: |
Noninvasive techniques to quantify metabolites in skeletal muscle provide unique insight into human physiology and enable the translation of research into practice. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) permits the assessment of several abundant muscle metabolites in vivo, including carnosine, a dipeptide composed of the amino acids histidine and beta-alanine. Muscle carnosine loading, accomplished by chronic oral beta-alanine supplementation, improves muscle function and exercise capacity and has pathophysiological relevance in multiple diseases. Moreover, the marked difference in carnosine content between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers has rendered carnosine an attractive candidate to estimate human muscle fiber type composition. However, the quantification of carnosine with 1 H-MRS requires technical expertise to obtain accurate and reproducible data. In this review, we describe the technical and physiological factors that impact the detection, analysis, and quantification of carnosine in muscle with 1 H-MRS. We discuss potential sources of error during the acquisition and preprocessing of the 1 H-MRS spectra and present best practices to enable the accurate, reliable, and reproducible application of this technique. |
