Circumpolar phylogeography and demographic history of beluga whales reflect past climatic fluctuations.

Autor: Skovrind M; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Louis M; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Westbury MV; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Garilao C; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany., Kaschner K; Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Castruita JAS; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Gopalakrishnan S; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Knudsen SW; NIVA Denmark Water Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Haile JS; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Dalén L; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden., Meshchersky IG; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Shpak OV; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Glazov DM; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Rozhnov VV; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Litovka DI; Office of Governor and Government of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyr, Russia., Krasnova VV; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Chernetsky AD; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Bel'kovich VM; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia., Lydersen C; Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway., Kovacs KM; Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway., Heide-Jørgensen MP; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland., Postma L; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Ferguson SH; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Lorenzen ED; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular ecology [Mol Ecol] 2021 Jun; Vol. 30 (11), pp. 2543-2559. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 14.
DOI: 10.1111/mec.15915
Abstrakt: Several Arctic marine mammal species are predicted to be negatively impacted by rapid sea ice loss associated with ongoing ocean warming. However, consequences for Arctic whales remain uncertain. To investigate how Arctic whales responded to past climatic fluctuations, we analysed 206 mitochondrial genomes from beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) sampled across their circumpolar range, and four nuclear genomes, covering both the Atlantic and the Pacific Arctic region. We found four well-differentiated mitochondrial lineages, which were established before the onset of the last glacial expansion ~110 thousand years ago. Our findings suggested these lineages diverged in allopatry, reflecting isolation of populations during glacial periods when the Arctic sea-shelf was covered by multiyear sea ice. Subsequent population expansion and secondary contact between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans shaped the current geographic distribution of lineages, and may have facilitated mitochondrial introgression. Our demographic reconstructions based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes showed markedly lower population sizes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the preceding Eemian and current Holocene interglacial periods. Habitat modelling similarly revealed less suitable habitat during the LGM (glacial) than at present (interglacial). Together, our findings suggested the association between climate, population size, and available habitat in belugas. Forecasts for year 2100 showed that beluga habitat will decrease and shift northwards as oceans continue to warm, putatively leading to population declines in some beluga populations. Finally, we identified vulnerable populations which, if extirpated as a consequence of ocean warming, will lead to a substantial decline of species-wide haplotype diversity.
(© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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