The Gut Microbiome in Autism: Study-Site Effects and Longitudinal Analysis of Behavior Change.

Autor:	Fouquier J; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.; Computational Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA., Moreno Huizar N; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA., Donnelly J; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA., Glickman C; Computational Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA., Kang DW; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA., Maldonado J; KE Genomics Core, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.; Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA., Jones RA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA., Johnson K; Mary Bridge Children's Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Tacoma, Washington, USA., Adams JB; School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA., Krajmalnik-Brown R; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA., Lozupone C; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA catherine.lozupone@cuanschutz.edu.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MSystems [mSystems] 2021 Apr 06; Vol. 6 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 06.
DOI:	10.1128/mSystems.00848-20
Abstrakt:	Research relating gut microbiome composition to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results, indicative of the disorder's complexity and the need for more sophisticated experimental designs. We address this need by (i) comparing gut microbiome composition between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in Arizona and Colorado using standardized DNA extraction and sequencing methods at both locations and (ii) longitudinally evaluating the gut microbiome's relationship to autism behavioral severity, diet, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut microbiome composition differed between individuals in Arizona and individuals in Colorado, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in ASD individuals than in neurotypical individuals in Arizona but not in Colorado. Gut microbiome composition was significantly associated with ASD while controlling for study-site location but not when controlling for gastrointestinal symptoms. This suggests that non-ASD-related study site differences in gut microbiome composition and different degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms involvement with ASD between sites may contribute to inconsistent results in the literature regarding the association between gut microbiome composition and ASD. In the longitudinal analysis, we found that difference in levels of lethargy/social withdrawal measured in individuals at different time points correlated with the degree of change in gut microbiome composition and that a worsening of inappropriate speech between time points was associated with decreased gut microbiome diversity. This relationship between changes in the gut microbiome composition within individuals and ASD behavioral severity metrics indicates that longitudinal study designs may be useful for exploring microbial drivers of ASD severity when substantial variability exists in baseline microbiome compositions across individuals and geographical regions. IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain developmental disorder with varying behavioral symptom severity both across individuals and within individuals over time. There have been promising but also inconsistent literature results regarding how the gut microbiota (microbiome) may be involved. We found that the gut microbiome in individuals with ASD is affected by study-site location as well as gastrointestinal symptom severity. When we sampled some individuals with ASD at several different time points, we found that some behaviors, such as lethargy/social withdrawal and inappropriate speech, changed along with changes in the gut microbiota composition. This is the first study to relate severity of behavior symptoms to gut microbiome composition within individuals over time and suggests a dynamic relationship between ASD-associated symptoms and gut microbes. Longitudinal study designs as well as collaborative efforts across multiple centers are needed to fully characterize the relationship between ASD and gut microbes. (Copyright © 2021 Fouquier et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu