Molecular pathology of thymomas: implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Autor: Marx A; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. alexander.marx@umm.de., Belharazem D; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany., Lee DH; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany., Popovic ZV; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany., Reißfelder C; Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Schalke B; Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany., Schölch S; Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany., Ströbel P; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany., Weis CA; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany., Yamada Y; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology [Virchows Arch] 2021 Jan; Vol. 478 (1), pp. 101-110. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 05.
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03068-8
Abstrakt: Thymomas exhibit a unique genomic landscape, comprising the lowest on average total mutational burden among adult human cancers; a unique point mutation in the GTF2I gene in WHO type A and AB thymomas (and rarely others); almost unique KMT2A-MAML2 translocations in rare WHO type B2 and B3 thymomas; a unique YAP1-MAML2 translocation in almost all metaplastic thymomas; and unique miRNA profiles in relation to GTF2I mutational status and WHO histotypes. While most thymomas can be diagnosed solely on the basis of morphological features, mutational analyses can solve challenging differential diagnostic problems. No molecular biomarkers have been identified that predict the response of unresectable thymomas to chemotherapy or agents with known molecular targets. Despite the common and strong expression of PDL1 in thymomas, immune checkpoint inhibitors are rarely applicable due to the poor predictability of common, life-threatening autoimmune side effects that are related to the unrivaled propensity of thymomas towards autoimmunity.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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