Groundwater depletion will reduce cropping intensity in India.

Autor:	Jain M; School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. mehajain@umich.edu., Fishman R; School of Public Policy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Mondal P; Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA., Galford GL; Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA., Bhattarai N; School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Naeem S; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Lall U; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Balwinder-Singh; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India., DeFries RS; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Science advances [Sci Adv] 2021 Feb 24; Vol. 7 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 24 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1126/sciadv.abd2849
Abstrakt:	Groundwater depletion is becoming a global threat to food security, yet the ultimate impacts of depletion on agricultural production and the efficacy of available adaptation strategies remain poorly quantified. We use high-resolution satellite and census data from India, the world's largest consumer of groundwater, to quantify the impacts of groundwater depletion on cropping intensity, a crucial driver of agricultural production. Our results suggest that, given current depletion trends, cropping intensity may decrease by 20% nationwide and by 68% in groundwater-depleted regions. Even if surface irrigation delivery is increased as a supply-side adaptation strategy, which is being widely promoted by the Indian government, cropping intensity will decrease, become more vulnerable to interannual rainfall variability, and become more spatially uneven. We find that groundwater and canal irrigation are not substitutable and that additional adaptation strategies will be necessary to maintain current levels of production in the face of groundwater depletion. (Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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