Genome composition and genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2.

Autor:	Al-Qaaneh AM; Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.; Drug Information Center, Pharmacy Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH), Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia., Alshammari T; Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia., Aldahhan R; Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia., Aldossary H; Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia., Alkhalifah ZA; Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia., Borgio JF; Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Saudi journal of biological sciences [Saudi J Biol Sci] 2021 Mar; Vol. 28 (3), pp. 1978-1989. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 06.
DOI:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.053
Abstrakt:	SARS-CoV-2 is a type of Betacoronaviruses responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, with more than 1.745 million fatalities globally as of December-2020. Genetically, it is considered the second largest genome of all RNA viruses with a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail. Phylogenetic analyses of coronaviruses reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is genetically closely related to the Bat-SARS Like-Corona virus (Bat-SL-Cov) with 96% whole-genome identity. SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 15 ORFs coded into 29 proteins. At the 5' terminal of the genome, we have ORF1ab and ORF1a, which encode the 1ab and 1a polypeptides that are proteolytically cleaved into 16 different nonstructural proteins (NSPs). The 3' terminal of the genome represents four structural (spike, envelope, matrix, and nucleocapsid) and nine accessory (3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8b, 9a, 9b, and orf10) proteins. As the number of COVID-19 patients increases dramatically worldwide, there is an urgent need to find a quick and sensitive diagnostic tool for controlling the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Today, molecular testing methods utilizing viral genetic material (e.g., PCR) represent the crucial diagnostic tool for the SARS-CoV-2 virus despite its low sensitivity in the early stage of viral infection. This review summarizes the genome composition and genetic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2021 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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