The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics.

Autor: Lotti F; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Frizza F; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Balercia G; Endocrinology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy., Barbonetti A; Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Behre HM; Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany., Calogero AE; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy., Cremers JF; Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany., Francavilla F; Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Isidori AM; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Kliesch S; Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany., La Vignera S; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy., Lenzi A; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Marcou M; Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany., Pilatz A; Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany., Poolamets O; Andrology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia., Punab M; Andrology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia., Peraza Godoy MF; Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain., Rajmil O; Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain., Salvio G; Endocrinology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy., Shaeer O; Department of Andrology, Kasr El Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Weidner W; Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany., Maseroli E; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Cipriani S; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Baldi E; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Degl'Innocenti S; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Danza G; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Caldini AL; Department of Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy., Terreni A; Department of Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy., Boni L; Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Toscano Cancer Institute, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy., Krausz C; Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Maggi M; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Andrology [Andrology] 2021 Mar; Vol. 9 (2), pp. 559-576. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 19.
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12951
Abstrakt: Background: Scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) still suffers from lack of standardization. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) has promoted a multicenter study to assess the CDUS characteristics of healthy fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters.
Objectives: To report and discuss the scrotal organs CDUS reference ranges and characteristics in HFM and their associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical parameters.
Methods: A cohort of 248 HFM (35.3 ± 5.9years) was studied, evaluating, on the same day, clinical, biochemical, seminal, and scrotal CDUS following Standard Operating Procedures.
Results: The CDUS reference range and characteristics of the scrotal organs of HFM are reported here. CDUS showed a higher accuracy than physical examination in detecting scrotal abnormalities. Prader orchidometer (PO)- and US-measured testicular volume (TV) were closely related. The US-assessed TV with the ellipsoid formula showed the best correlation with the PO-TV. The mean TV of HFM was ~ 17 ml. The lowest reference limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11 ml, thresholds defining testicular hypotrophy. The highest reference limit for epididymal head, tail, and vas deferens was 12, 6, and 4.5 mm, respectively. Mean TV was associated positively with sperm concentration and total count and negatively with gonadotropins levels and pulse pressure. Subjects with testicular inhomogeneity or calcifications showed lower sperm vitality and concentration, respectively, than the rest of the sample. Sperm normal morphology and progressive motility were positively associated with epididymal head size/vascularization and vas deferens size, respectively. Increased epididymis and vas deferens sizes were associated with MAR test positivity. Decreased epididymal tail homogeneity/vascularization were positively associated with waistline, which was negatively associated with intratesticular vascularization. CDUS varicocele was detected in 37.2% of men and was not associated with seminal or hormonal parameters. Scrotal CDUS parameters were not associated with time to pregnancy, number of children, history of miscarriage.
Conclusions: The present findings will help in better understanding male infertility pathophysiology, improving its management.
(© 2020 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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