Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon.

Autor:	Nkemngo FN; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon.; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, South West, 237, Cameroon., Mugenzi LMJ; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, South West, 237, Cameroon., Terence E; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon., Niang A; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon.; Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Wondji MJ; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon.; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Tchoupo M; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon., Nguete ND; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon., Tchapga W; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon., Irving H; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Ntabi JDM; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo.; Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo., Agonhossou R; Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin., Boussougou-Sambe TS; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Akoton RB; Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin., Koukouikila-Koussounda F; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo.; Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo., Pinilla YT; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Ntoumi F; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo.; Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo.; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Djogbenou LS; Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin., Ghogomu SM; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, South West, 237, Cameroon., Ndo C; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon.; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon., Adegnika AA; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen,, Tübingen, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany., Borrmann S; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany., Wondji CS; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, Cameroon.; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Wellcome open research [Wellcome Open Res] 2020 Nov 05; Vol. 5, pp. 146. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 05 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15818.2
Abstrakt:	Background: Reducing the burden of malaria requires better understanding of vector populations, particularly in forested regions where the incidence remains elevated. Here, we characterized malaria vectors in a locality near the Yaoundé international airport, Cameroon, including species composition, abundance, Plasmodium infection rate, insecticide resistance profiles and underlying resistance mechanisms. Methods: Blood-fed adult mosquitoes resting indoors were aspirated from houses in April 2019 at Elende, a locality situated 2 km from the Yaoundé-Nsimalen airport. Female mosquitoes were forced to lay eggs to generate F 1 adults. Bioassays were performed to assess resistance profile to the four insecticides classes. The threshold of insecticide susceptibility was defined above 98% mortality rate and mortality rates below 90% were indicative of confirmed insecticide resistance. Furthermore, the molecular basis of resistance and Plasmodium infection rates were investigated. Results: Anopheles funestus s.s. was the most abundant species in Elende (85%) followed by Anopheles gambiae s.s. (15%) with both having similar sporozoite rate. Both species exhibited high levels of resistance to the pyrethroids, permethrin and deltamethrin (<40% mortality). An. gambiae s.s. was resistant to DDT (9.9% mortality) and bendiocarb (54% mortality) while susceptible to organophosphate. An. funestus s.s. was resistant to dieldrin (1% mortality), DDT (86% mortality) but susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates. The L119F-GSTe2 resistance allele (8%) and G119S ace -1 resistance allele (15%) were detected in An. funestus s.s. and An. gambiae s.s., respectively . Furthermore, the high pyrethroid/DDT resistances in An. gambiae corresponded with an increase frequency of 1014F kdr allele (95%). Transcriptional profiling of candidate cytochrome P450 genes reveals the over-expression of CYP6P5 , CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b. Conclusion: The resistance to multiple insecticide classes observed in these vector populations alongside the significant Plasmodium sporozoite rate highlights the challenges that vector control programs encounter in sustaining the regular benefits of contemporary insecticide-based control interventions in forested areas. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. (Copyright: © 2020 Nkemngo FN et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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