A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks.

Autor: Tian H; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. tianhan@auburn.edu., Xu R; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA., Canadell JG; Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Thompson RL; Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning, NILU, Kjeller, Norway., Winiwarter W; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.; Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland., Suntharalingam P; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Davidson EA; Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, USA., Ciais P; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France., Jackson RB; Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Janssens-Maenhout G; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.; Ghent University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent, Belgium., Prather MJ; Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., Regnier P; Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium., Pan N; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China., Pan S; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA., Peters GP; CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway., Shi H; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA., Tubiello FN; Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy., Zaehle S; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany., Zhou F; Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China., Arneth A; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany., Battaglia G; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Berthet S; Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France., Bopp L; LMD-IPSL, Ecole Normale Supérieure / PSL Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France., Bouwman AF; PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands.; Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China., Buitenhuis ET; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., Chang J; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France.; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China., Chipperfield MP; National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Dangal SRS; Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA., Dlugokencky E; NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA., Elkins JW; NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA., Eyre BD; Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia., Fu B; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China., Hall B; NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA., Ito A; Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan., Joos F; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Krummel PB; Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia., Landolfi A; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.; Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy., Laruelle GG; Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium., Lauerwald R; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France.; Department of Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval-Grignon, France., Li W; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France.; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Lienert S; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Maavara T; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA., MacLeod M; Land Economy, Environment & Society, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK., Millet DB; Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA., Olin S; Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Patra PK; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan.; Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Prinn RG; Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Raymond PA; Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA., Ruiz DJ; Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., van der Werf GR; Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Vuichard N; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France., Wang J; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China., Weiss RF; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Wells KC; Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA., Wilson C; National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Yang J; Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA., Yao Y; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2020 Oct; Vol. 586 (7828), pp. 248-256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 07.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0
Abstrakt: Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N 2 O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion 1 and climate change 2 , with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N 2 O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N 2 O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N 2 O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N 2 O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N 2 O emissions were 17.0 (minimum-maximum estimates: 12.2-23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9-17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N 2 O emissions in emerging economies-particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N 2 O-climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N 2 O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios 3,4 , underscoring the urgency to mitigate N 2 O emissions.
Databáze: MEDLINE