Cell-Free Synthetic Glycobiology: Designing and Engineering Glycomolecules Outside of Living Cells.

Autor:	Jaroentomeechai T; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States., Taw MN; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States., Li M; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States., Aquino A; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States., Agashe N; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States., Chung S; Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States., Jewett MC; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States., DeLisa MP; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.; Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in chemistry [Front Chem] 2020 Jul 29; Vol. 8, pp. 645. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 29 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.3389/fchem.2020.00645
Abstrakt:	Glycans and glycosylated biomolecules are directly involved in almost every biological process as well as the etiology of most major diseases. Hence, glycoscience knowledge is essential to efforts aimed at addressing fundamental challenges in understanding and improving human health, protecting the environment and enhancing energy security, and developing renewable and sustainable resources that can serve as the source of next-generation materials. While much progress has been made, there remains an urgent need for new tools that can overexpress structurally uniform glycans and glycoconjugates in the quantities needed for characterization and that can be used to mechanistically dissect the enzymatic reactions and multi-enzyme assembly lines that promote their construction. To address this technology gap, cell-free synthetic glycobiology has emerged as a simplified and highly modular framework to investigate, prototype, and engineer pathways for glycan biosynthesis and biomolecule glycosylation outside the confines of living cells. From nucleotide sugars to complex glycoproteins, we summarize here recent efforts that harness the power of cell-free approaches to design, build, test, and utilize glyco-enzyme reaction networks that produce desired glycomolecules in a predictable and controllable manner. We also highlight novel cell-free methods for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of diverse glycosylation processes and engineering these processes toward desired outcomes. Taken together, cell-free synthetic glycobiology represents a promising set of tools and techniques for accelerating basic glycoscience research (e.g., deciphering the "glycan code") and its application (e.g., biomanufacturing high-value glycomolecules on demand). (Copyright © 2020 Jaroentomeechai, Taw, Li, Aquino, Agashe, Chung, Jewett and DeLisa.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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