Understanding the Early Evolutionary Stages of a Tandem Drosophilamelanogaster-Specific Gene Family: A Structural and Functional Population Study.

Autor:	Clifton BD; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Jimenez J; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Kimura A; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Chahine Z; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Librado P; Laboratoire AMIS CNRS UMR 5288, Faculté de Médicine de Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France., Sánchez-Gracia A; Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadistica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Abbassi M; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Carranza F; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Chan C; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Marchetti M; Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.; Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Zhang W; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China., Shi M; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China., Vu C; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA., Yeh S; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA.; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Zhongli District, Taiwan., Fanti L; Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.; Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Xia XQ; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China., Rozas J; Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadistica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Ranz JM; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Molecular biology and evolution [Mol Biol Evol] 2020 Sep 01; Vol. 37 (9), pp. 2584-2600.
DOI:	10.1093/molbev/msaa109
Abstrakt:	Gene families underlie genetic innovation and phenotypic diversification. However, our understanding of the early genomic and functional evolution of tandemly arranged gene families remains incomplete as paralog sequence similarity hinders their accurate characterization. The Drosophila melanogaster-specific gene family Sdic is tandemly repeated and impacts sperm competition. We scrutinized Sdic in 20 geographically diverse populations using reference-quality genome assemblies, read-depth methodologies, and qPCR, finding that ∼90% of the individuals harbor 3-7 copies as well as evidence of population differentiation. In strains with reliable gene annotations, copy number variation (CNV) and differential transposable element insertions distinguish one structurally distinct version of the Sdic region per strain. All 31 annotated copies featured protein-coding potential and, based on the protein variant encoded, were categorized into 13 paratypes differing in their 3' ends, with 3-5 paratypes coexisting in any strain examined. Despite widespread gene conversion, the only copy present in all strains has functionally diverged at both coding and regulatory levels under positive selection. Contrary to artificial tandem duplications of the Sdic region that resulted in increased male expression, CNV in cosmopolitan strains did not correlate with expression levels, likely as a result of differential genome modifier composition. Duplicating the region did not enhance sperm competitiveness, suggesting a fitness cost at high expression levels or a plateau effect. Beyond facilitating a minimally optimal expression level, Sdic CNV acts as a catalyst of protein and regulatory diversity, showcasing a possible evolutionary path recently formed tandem multigene families can follow toward long-term consolidation in eukaryotic genomes. (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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