Review of Ongoing Activities and Challenges to Improve the Care of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Across Africa and the Implications for the Future.

Autor:	Godman B; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.; Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Basu D; Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa., Pillay Y; HIV & AIDS, TB and Maternal, Child and Women's Health, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa., Mwita JC; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Rwegerera GM; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.; Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana., Anand Paramadhas BD; Department of Pharmacy, Nyangabgwe Hospital, Francistown, Botswana., Tiroyakgosi C; Botswana Essential Drugs Action Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana., Okwen PM; Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon.; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia., Niba LL; Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon.; Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon., Nonvignon J; School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana., Sefah I; Department of Pharmacy, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Keta, Ghana., Oluka M; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Guantai AN; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia., Kibuule D; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia., Kalemeera F; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia., Mubita M; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia., Fadare J; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.; Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria., Ogunleye OO; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.; Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria., Distiller LA; Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa., Rampamba EM; Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.; Department of Pharmacy, Tshilidzini Regional Hospital, Limpopo Department Of Health, Shayandima, South Africa., Wing J; School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Mueller D; Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; Charlotte Maxeke Medical Research Cluster, Johannesburg, South Africa., Alfadl A; National Medicines Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.; Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia., Amu AA; Eswatini Medical Christian University, Mbabane, Swaziland., Matsebula Z; Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Manzini, Swaziland., Kalungia A; Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia., Zaranyika T; Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe., Masuka N; Independent Health Systems Consultant, Harare, Zimbabwe., Wale J; Independent Consumer Advocate, Brunswick, VIC, Australia., Hill R; Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Kurdi A; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Timoney A; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; NHS Lothian Director of Pharmacy, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom., Campbell S; Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.; NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom., Meyer JC; Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in pharmacology [Front Pharmacol] 2020 Mar 20; Vol. 11, pp. 108. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 20 (Print Publication: 2020).
DOI:	10.3389/fphar.2020.00108
Abstrakt:	Background: There has been an appreciable increase in the number of people in Africa with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in recent years as a result of a number of factors. Factors include lifestyle changes, urbanisation, and the growing consumption of processed foods coupled with increasing levels of obesity. Currently there are 19 million adults in Africa with diabetes, mainly T2DM (95%), estimated to grow to 47 million people by 2045 unless controlled. This has a considerable impact on morbidity, mortality and costs in the region. There are a number of issues to address to reduce the impact of T2DM including improving detection rates and current access to services alongside addressing issues of adherence to prescribed medicines. There are also high rates of co-morbidities with infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis in patients in Africa with T2DM that require attention. Objective: Document ongoing activities across Africa to improve the care of patients with T2DM especially around issues of identification, access, and adherence to changing lifestyles and prescribed medicines. In addition, discussing potential ways forward to improve the care of patients with T2DM based on ongoing activities and experiences including addressing key issues associated with co-morbidities with infectious diseases. Our Approach: Contextualise the findings from a wide range of publications including internet based publications of national approaches coupled with input from senior level government, academic and other professionals from across Africa to provide future guidance. Ongoing Activities: A number of African countries are actively instigating programmes to improve the care of patients with T2DM starting with improved diagnosis. This recognises the growing burden of non-communicable diseases across Africa, which has been neglected in the past. Planned activities include programmes to improve detection rates and address key issues with diet and lifestyle changes, alongside improving monitoring of care and activities to enhance adherence to prescribed medicines. In addition, addressing potential complexities involving diabetes patients with infectious disease co-morbidities. It is too early to fully assess the impact of such activities. Conclusion: There are a number of ongoing activities across Africa to improve the management of patients with diabetes including co-morbidities. However, more needs to be done considering the high and growing burden of T2DM in Africa. Ongoing research will help further benefit resource allocation and subsequent care. (Copyright © 2020 Godman, Basu, Pillay, Mwita, Rwegerera, Anand Paramadhas, Tiroyakgosi, Okwen, Niba, Nonvignon, Sefah, Oluka, Guantai, Kibuule, Kalemeera, Mubita, Fadare, Ogunleye, Distiller, Rampamba, Wing, Mueller, Alfadl, Amu, Matsebula, Kalungia, Zaranyika, Masuka, Wale, Hill, Kurdi, Timoney, Campbell and Meyer.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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