| Autor: |
Almeida TS; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Arantes MR; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Lopes Neto JJ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Souza TM; Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands., Pessoa IP; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Medeiros JL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Tabosa PMS; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Moreira TB; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil., Farias DF; Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil., Carvalho AFU; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. is a tree used in folk medicine to treat venereal diseases and inflammation as well as a source of biological compounds with antioxidant capacity. In order to assess the safety of these bioactive compounds, the present study aimed to determine the toxicity of an ethanolic extract of T. gardneriana , (EETg). Toxicological tests included hemolytic activity, toxicity toward the brine shrimp Artemia , cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF7) and acute oral toxicity in rodents. In addition, toxicogenomics techniques were used to determine genome expression in MCF7 cells exposed to EETg. The results showed that the extract exhibits approximately 60% of hemolytic activity at the highest tested concentration (64 µg/ml) and toxicity against nauplii of Artemia sp. (LC 50 of 67.85 µg/ml). Further, EETg appears to be cytotoxic to MCF7 (cell viability reduced to 40% at 250 µg/ml after 24 hr). Genomic data demonstrated differential expression of 14 genes. Data analysis indicated possible altered pathways (e.g., xenobiotic metabolism), possible adverse health risks (e.g., hepatotoxicity), and drugs with similar gene expression profile (e.g., antimicrobials). The investigation provides important information on potentially adverse aspects of EETg, which need to be considered prior to the therapeutic utilization of this plant. Abbreviations : EETg: ethanolic extract of T. gardneriana seeds; MCF7: michigan cancer foundation-7 which refers to a human breast cell line (adenocarcinoma); NGS: next-generation sequencing; edgeR: empirical analysis of digital gene expression data in R; Consensus: consensus path database; FDR: false discovery rate; NCBI: national center for biotechnology information; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; Ingenuity: ingenuity pathway analysis software; CMAP: connectivity map; OECD: organization for economic co-operation and development; HL-60: human promyelocytic leukemia cells; PC3: prostate cancer cells. |
