| Autor: |
Cinner JE; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia., Lau JD; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.; WorldFish, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia., Bauman AG; Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore., Feary DA; MRAG Ltd., London W1J 5PN, United Kingdom., Januchowski-Hartley FA; Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.; UMR 248 Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation/UMR 250 Écologie Marine Tropicale des Océans Pacifique et Indien, UM2-CNRS-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer-UM1, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France., Rojas CA; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia., Barnes ML; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia., Bergseth BJ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.; Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000., Shum E; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia., Lahari R; Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea., Ben J; Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea., Graham NAJ; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom. |
| Abstrakt: |
Efforts to confront the challenges of environmental change and uncertainty include attempts to adaptively manage social-ecological systems. However, critical questions remain about whether adaptive management can lead to sustainable outcomes for both ecosystems and society. Here, we make a contribution to these efforts by presenting a 16-y analysis of ecological outcomes and perceived livelihood impacts from adaptive coral reef management in Papua New Guinea. The adaptive management system we studied was a customary rotational fisheries closure system (akin to fallow agriculture), which helped to increase the biomass of reef fish and make fish less wary (more catchable) relative to openly fished areas. However, over time the amount of fish in openly fished reefs slowly declined. We found that, overall, resource users tended to have positive perceptions about this system, but there were negative perceptions when fishing was being prohibited. We also highlight some of the key traits of this adaptive management system, including 1) strong social cohesion, whereby leaders played a critical role in knowledge exchange; 2) high levels of compliance, which was facilitated via a "carrot-and-stick" approach that publicly rewarded good behavior and punished deviant behavior; and 3) high levels of participation by community actors. |
