| Autor: |
Gan BH; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland., Siriwardena TN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland., Javor S; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland., Darbre T; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland., Reymond JL; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland. |
| Abstrakt: |
We recently discovered that peptide dendrimers such as G3KL ((KL) 8 ( K KL) 4 ( K KL) 2 K KL, K = branching l-lysine) exert strong activity against Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Escherichia coli . Herein, we report a detailed mechanistic study using fluorescence labeled analogs bearing fluorescein ( G3KL-Fluo ) or dansyl ( G3KL-Dansyl ), which show a similar bioactivity profile as G3KL . Imaging bacterial killing by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, time-lapse imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that the dendrimer localizes at the bacterial membrane, induces membrane depolarization and permeabilization, and destroys the outer leaflet and the inner membrane. G3KL accumulates in bacteria against which it is active; however, it only weakly penetrates into eukaryotic cells without inducing significant toxicity. G3KL furthermore binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibits the LPS induced release of TNF-α by macrophages, similarly to polymyxin B. Taken together, these experiments show that G3KL behaves as a potent membrane disruptive antimicrobial peptide. |
