Strong patterns of intraspecific variation and local adaptation in Great Basin plants revealed through a review of 75 years of experiments.

Autor: Baughman OW; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada.; Present address: The Nature Conservancy Burns Oregon., Agneray AC; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada., Forister ML; Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada., Kilkenny FF; Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Boise Idaho., Espeland EK; Pest Management Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Laboratory Sidney Montana., Fiegener R; Institute for Applied Ecology Corvallis Oregon., Horning ME; Deschutes National Forest USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Bend Oregon., Johnson RC; Washington State University Pullman Washington., Kaye TN; Institute for Applied Ecology Corvallis Oregon., Ott J; Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Boise Idaho., St Clair JB; Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Corvallis Oregon., Leger EA; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ecology and evolution [Ecol Evol] 2019 Apr 26; Vol. 9 (11), pp. 6259-6275. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Apr 26 (Print Publication: 2019).
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5200
Abstrakt: Variation in natural selection across heterogeneous landscapes often produces (a) among-population differences in phenotypic traits, (b) trait-by-environment associations, and (c) higher fitness of local populations. Using a broad literature review of common garden studies published between 1941 and 2017, we documented the commonness of these three signatures in plants native to North America's Great Basin, an area of extensive restoration and revegetation efforts, and asked which traits and environmental variables were involved. We also asked, independent of geographic distance, whether populations from more similar environments had more similar traits. From 327 experiments testing 121 taxa in 170 studies, we found 95.1% of 305 experiments reported among-population differences, and 81.4% of 161 experiments reported trait-by-environment associations. Locals showed greater survival in 67% of 24 reciprocal experiments that reported survival, and higher fitness in 90% of 10 reciprocal experiments that reported reproductive output. A meta-analysis on a subset of studies found that variation in eight commonly measured traits was associated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature at the source location, with notably strong relationships for flowering phenology, leaf size, and survival, among others. Although the Great Basin is sometimes perceived as a region of homogeneous ecosystems, our results demonstrate widespread habitat-related population differentiation and local adaptation. Locally sourced plants likely harbor adaptations at rates and magnitudes that are immediately relevant to restoration success, and our results suggest that certain key traits and environmental variables should be prioritized in future assessments of plants in this region.
Competing Interests: None declared.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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