Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD + depletion.

Autor:	Oakey LA; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Fletcher RS; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Elhassan YS; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Cartwright DM; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Doig CL; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Garten A; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Thakker A; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Maddocks ODK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK., Zhang T; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK., Tennant DA; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Ludwig C; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK., Lavery GG; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Wellcome open research [Wellcome Open Res] 2019 Sep 17; Vol. 3, pp. 147. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Sep 17 (Print Publication: 2018).
DOI:	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14898.2
Abstrakt:	Background: Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD + availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD + as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD + homeostasis on these pathways is unknown. Methods: We utilised skeletal muscle myotube models to induce NAD + depletion, repletion and excess and conducted metabolic tracing to provide comprehensive and detailed analysis of the consequences of altered NAD + metabolism on central carbon metabolic pathways. We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U- 13 C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. Results: NAD + excess driven by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation within skeletal muscle cells resulted in enhanced nicotinamide clearance, but had no effect on energy homeostasis or central carbon metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition induced NAD + depletion and resulted in equilibration of metabolites upstream of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Aspartate production through glycolysis and TCA cycle activity was increased in response to low NAD + , which was rapidly reversed with repletion of the NAD + pool using NR. NAD + depletion reversibly inhibits cytosolic GAPDH activity, but retains mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, suggesting differential effects of this treatment on sub-cellular pyridine pools. When supplemented, NR efficiently reversed these metabolic consequences. However, the functional relevance of increased aspartate levels after NAD + depletion remains unclear, and requires further investigation. Conclusions: These data highlight the need to consider carbon metabolism and clearance pathways when investigating NAD + precursor usage in models of skeletal muscle physiology. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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