| Autor: |
Middleton DRS; Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France. middletond@fellows.iarc.fr., McCormack VA; Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France., Munishi MO; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania., Menya D; School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.; University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya., Marriott AL; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK., Hamilton EM; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK., Mwasamwaja AO; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania., Mmbaga BT; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania., Samoei D; University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya., Osano O; University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya., Schüz J; Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France., Watts MJ; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK. |
| Abstrakt: |
Element deficiencies and excesses play important roles in non-communicable disease aetiology. When investigating their roles in epidemiologic studies without prospective designs, reverse-causality limits the utility of transient biomarkers in cases. This study aimed to investigate whether surrogate participants may provide viable proxies by assessing concentration correlations within households. We obtained spot urine samples from 245 Tanzanian and Kenyan adults (including 101 household pairs) to investigate intra-household correlations of urinary elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Tl, V and Zn) and concentrations (also available for: Bi, Ce, Sb, Sn and U) relative to external population-levels and health-based values. Moderate-strong correlations were observed for As (r = 0.65), Cs (r = 0.67), Li (r = 0.56), Mo (r = 0.57), Se (r = 0.68) and Tl (r = 0.67). Remaining correlations were <0.41. Median Se concentrations in Tanzania (29 µg/L) and Kenya (24 µg/L) were low relative to 5738 Canadians (59 µg/L). Exceedances (of reference 95th percentiles) were observed for: Co, Mn, Mo, Ni and U. Compared to health-based values, exceedances were present for As, Co, Mo and Se but deficiencies were also present for Mo and Se. For well correlated elements, household members in East African settings provide feasible surrogate cases to investigate element deficiencies/excesses in relation to non-communicable diseases. |
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