International challenge to model the long-range transport of radioxenon released from medical isotope production to six Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty monitoring stations.

Autor: Maurer C; Zentralanstalt fuer Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: christian.maurer@zamg.ac.at., Baré J; Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, International Data Center, Vienna, Austria., Kusmierczyk-Michulec J; Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, International Data Center, Vienna, Austria., Crawford A; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA., Eslinger PW; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA., Seibert P; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Meteorology, Vienna, Austria., Orr B; Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Miranda, Australia., Philipp A; University of Vienna, Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Vienna, Austria., Ross O; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany., Generoso S; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Arpajon, France., Achim P; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Arpajon, France., Schoeppner M; Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, International Data Center, Vienna, Austria; Princeton University, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton, NJ, USA., Malo A; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Meteorological Service of Canada, Canadian Meteorological Centre, Environmental Emergency Response Section, RSMC Montreal, Dorval, Québec, Canada., Ringbom A; Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden., Saunier O; French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Quèlo D; French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Mathieu A; French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Kijima Y; Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan., Stein A; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA., Chai T; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA., Ngan F; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA., Leadbetter SJ; Met. Office, Exeter, Devon, UK., De Meutter P; Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium & Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium., Delcloo A; Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium & Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium., Britton R; United Kingdom-National Data Center (NDC), Aldermaston, Reading, United Kingdom., Davies A; United Kingdom-National Data Center (NDC), Aldermaston, Reading, United Kingdom., Glascoe LG; National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, USA., Lucas DD; National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, USA., Simpson MD; National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, USA., Vogt P; National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, USA., Kalinowski M; Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, International Data Center, Vienna, Austria., Bowyer TW; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of environmental radioactivity [J Environ Radioact] 2018 Dec; Vol. 192, pp. 667-686. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Mar 08.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.030
Abstrakt: After performing a first multi-model exercise in 2015 a comprehensive and technically more demanding atmospheric transport modelling challenge was organized in 2016. Release data were provided by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization radiopharmaceutical facility in Sydney (Australia) for a one month period. Measured samples for the same time frame were gathered from six International Monitoring System stations in the Southern Hemisphere with distances to the source ranging between 680 (Melbourne) and about 17,000 km (Tristan da Cunha). Participants were prompted to work with unit emissions in pre-defined emission intervals (daily, half-daily, 3-hourly and hourly emission segment lengths) and in order to perform a blind test actual emission values were not provided to them. Despite the quite different settings of the two atmospheric transport modelling challenges there is common evidence that for long-range atmospheric transport using temporally highly resolved emissions and highly space-resolved meteorological input fields has no significant advantage compared to using lower resolved ones. As well an uncertainty of up to 20% in the daily stack emission data turns out to be acceptable for the purpose of a study like this. Model performance at individual stations is quite diverse depending largely on successfully capturing boundary layer processes. No single model-meteorology combination performs best for all stations. Moreover, the stations statistics do not depend on the distance between the source and the individual stations. Finally, it became more evident how future exercises need to be designed. Set-up parameters like the meteorological driver or the output grid resolution should be pre-scribed in order to enhance diversity as well as comparability among model runs.
(Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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