Substantial Seasonal Contribution of Observed Biogenic Sulfate Particles to Cloud Condensation Nuclei.

Autor: Sanchez KJ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Chen CL; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Russell LM; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. lmrussell@ucsd.edu., Betha R; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Liu J; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Price DJ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA., Massoli P; Aerodyne Research Inc, Billerica, MA, USA., Ziemba LD; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA., Crosbie EC; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA., Moore RH; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA., Müller M; Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Schiller SA; Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Wisthaler A; Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.; The Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Lee AKY; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Quinn PK; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA., Bates TS; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA.; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Porter J; The Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., Bell TG; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, United Kingdom.; The Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA., Saltzman ES; The Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA., Vaillancourt RD; The Department of Earth Science, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA., Behrenfeld MJ; The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2018 Feb 19; Vol. 8 (1), pp. 3235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Feb 19.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21590-9
Abstrakt: Biogenic sources contribute to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the clean marine atmosphere, but few measurements exist to constrain climate model simulations of their importance. The chemical composition of individual atmospheric aerosol particles showed two types of sulfate-containing particles in clean marine air masses in addition to mass-based Estimated Salt particles. Both types of sulfate particles lack combustion tracers and correlate, for some conditions, to atmospheric or seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) concentrations, which means their source was largely biogenic. The first type is identified as New Sulfate because their large sulfate mass fraction (63% sulfate) and association with entrainment conditions means they could have formed by nucleation in the free troposphere. The second type is Added Sulfate particles (38% sulfate), because they are preexisting particles onto which additional sulfate condensed. New Sulfate particles accounted for 31% (7 cm -3 ) and 33% (36 cm -3 ) CCN at 0.1% supersaturation in late-autumn and late-spring, respectively, whereas sea spray provided 55% (13 cm -3 ) in late-autumn but only 4% (4 cm -3 ) in late-spring. Our results show a clear seasonal difference in the marine CCN budget, which illustrates how important phytoplankton-produced DMS emissions are for CCN in the North Atlantic.
Databáze: MEDLINE