| Autor: |
Buss JH; Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Begnini KR; Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Bender CB; Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Pohlmann AR; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Guterres SS; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Collares T; Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Seixas FK; Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains at the forefront of immunotherapy for treating bladder cancer patients. However, the incidence of recurrence and progression to invasive cancer is commonly observed. There are no established effective intravesical therapies available for patients, whose tumors recur following BCG treatment, representing an important unmet clinical need. In addition, there are very limited options for patients who do not respond to or tolerate chemotherapy due to toxicities, resulting in poor overall treatment outcomes. Within this context, nanotechnology is an emergent and promising tool for: (1) controlling drug release for extended time frames, (2) combination therapies due to the ability to encapsulate multiple drugs simultaneously, (3) reducing systemic side effects, (4) increasing bioavailability, (5) and increasing the viability of various routes of administration. Moreover, bladder cancer is often characterized by high mutation rates and over expression of tumor antigens on the tumor cell surface. Therapeutic targeting of these biomolecules may be improved by nanotechnology strategies. In this mini-review, we discuss how nanotechnology can help overcome current obstacles in bladder cancer treatment, and how nanotechnology can facilitate combination chemotherapeutic and BCG immunotherapies for the treatment of non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer. |
