Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance.

Autor:	Andrés-Costa MJ; Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK., Proctor K; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK., Sabatini MT; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK., Gee AP; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK., Lewis SE; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK., Pico Y; Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain., Kasprzyk-Hordern B; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. b.kasprzyk-hordern@bath.ac.uk.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2017 Nov 17; Vol. 7 (1), pp. 15777. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Nov 17.
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-017-15585-1
Abstrakt:	European legislation focusing on water quality is expected to broaden to encompass several pharmaceuticals as priority hazardous substances. This manuscript aims to challenge current regulatory approaches that do not recognize stereochemistry of chiral pharmaceuticals by testing the hypothesis that environmental transformation and effects of chiral pharmaceuticals are stereoselective. Our experiments revealed that, while degradation of chiral fluoxetine (FL) in river water occurs via non-enantioselective photochemical and mildly-enantioselective microbial processes favoring the (R)-enantiomer, a pronounced enantioselectivity favoring (S)-FL (leading to the formation of (S)-NFL (norfluoxetine)) is observed during activated sludge treatment. Toxicity tests proved strong enantiomer-specific toxicity in the case of Tetrahymena thermophila, protozoa that are utilized during activated sludge treatment ((R)-FL is 30× more toxic than (S)-FL; (S)-NFL is 10× more toxic than (S)-FL). This is of paramount importance as preferential degradation of (S)-FL in activated sludge microcosms leads to the enrichment of FL with 30× more toxic (R)-FL and formation of 10× more toxic (S)-NFL. It is commonly assumed that a decreased concentration of FL leads to decreased biological impact. Our study proves that despite the overall decrease in FL concentration, accumulation of toxic (R)-FL and formation of toxic (S)-NFL leads to much higher than presumed toxicological effects.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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