Photolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in seawater and estuary water: Impact of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved organic matter.

Autor: Luning Prak DJ; Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States. Electronic address: prak@usna.edu., Breuer JE; Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States. Electronic address: James.Breuer17@gmail.com., Rios EA; Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States. Electronic address: earios0904@gmail.com., Jedlicka EE; Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States. Electronic address: e.jeds@yahoo.com., O'Sullivan DW; Chemistry Department, U.S. Naval Academy, 572 M Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States. Electronic address: osulliva@usna.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Marine pollution bulletin [Mar Pollut Bull] 2017 Jan 30; Vol. 114 (2), pp. 977-986. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Nov 19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.073
Abstrakt: The influence of salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved organic matter on the photolysis rate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in marine, estuary, and laboratory-prepared waters was studied using a Suntest CPS+® solar simulator equipped with optical filters. TNT degradation rates were determined using HPLC analysis, and products were identified using LC/MS. Minimal or no TNT photolysis occurred under a 395-nm long pass filter, but under a 295-nm filter, first-order TNT degradation rate constants and apparent quantum yields increased with increasing salinity in both natural and artificial seawater. TNT rate constants increased slightly with increasing temperature (10 to 32°C) but did not change significantly with pH (6.4 to 8.1). The addition of dissolved organic matter (up to 5mg/L) to ultrapure water, artificial seawater, and natural seawater increased the TNT photolysis rate constant. Products formed by TNT photolysis in natural seawater were determined to be 2,4,6-trinitrobenzaldehyde, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid, and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzoic acid.
(Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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