| Autor: |
Pardo Cuervo, Oscar H.1,2 (AUTHOR), Simeonov, Svilen P.3,4 (AUTHOR), Peixoto, Andreia F.5 (AUTHOR), Popova, Margarita D.3 (AUTHOR), Lazarova, Hristina I.3 (AUTHOR), Romanelli, Gustavo P.6 (AUTHOR), Martínez, José J.2 (AUTHOR), Freire, Cristina5 (AUTHOR), Afonso, Carlos A. M.1 (AUTHOR) carlosafonso@ff.ulisboa.pt |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Energy Technology. Nov2019, Vol. 7 Issue 11, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. |
| Abstrakt: |
The catalytic etherification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with t‐butanol to a biofuel additive 5‐(t‐butoxymethyl) furfural (t‐BMF) is studied by screening 27 heterogeneous protic and/or Lewis acids. Preyssler heteropolyacid H14[NaP5W30O110] and Montmorillonite‐based CLOI_CSP catalysts are identified as the most efficient ones, allowing the etherification to reach the t‐BMF/HMF equilibrium faster (≈1:1), thus promoting minimum side reactions. Further optimization of the batch experimental conditions, namely catalyst loading, temperature, HMF concentration, time, t‐BMF stability, and additives, allows the t‐BMF/HMF equilibrium to be reached in less than 3 h with outstanding selectivity >95%. Under optimized conditions, CLOI_CSP is reused for four cycles without significant loss of efficiency. In addition, it exhibits high efficiency under flow conditions, allowing continuous production of t‐BMF up to 0.7 g t‐BMF g−1 catalyst min−1 at high concentrations of HMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: |
GreenFILE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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