Zobrazeno 1 - 8
of 8
pro vyhledávání: '"dos Santos Fcp"'
Autor:
Brigido LFdM, Gabriela Bastos Cabral, Guimaraes Pm, Audrey Cilli, Timenetsky MdCS, Hussein Im, dos Santos Fcp, Lopez-Lopes Gis, Alves IdJ, Cintia Mayumi Ahagon, Bombonatte Ag, Valeria Oliveira Silva
SARS-CoV-2 variants, along with vaccination, mark the second year of the pandemic. The spike region is a focal point in COVID-19 pathogenesis, with different amino acid changes potentially modulating vaccine response and some being part of variant si
Externí odkaz:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::04a1553e9b892a0e58e074d231ea6837
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.21.21253158
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.21.21253158
Autor:
Carmona RCC; Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., Cilli A; Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., da Costa AC; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil., Reis FC; Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., Leal É; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-000, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Respiratory Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., Machado BC; Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., Lopes CS; Respiratory Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., Afonso AMS; Respiratory Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil., Timenetsky MDCST; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-900, Brazil.
Publikováno v:
Microorganisms [Microorganisms] 2023 Dec 22; Vol. 12 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 22.
Autor:
Cabral GB; Santos Regional Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Ahagon CM; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., de Souza Guimarães PM; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Silva Lopez-Lopes GI; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Hussein IM; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Cilli A; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., de Jesus Alves I; Santos Regional Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Coelho Bombonatte AG; Santos Regional Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil., do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky M; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., da Silva Santos JH; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., de Oliveira Santos KC; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., de Macedo Brígido LF; Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: lubrigido@gmail.com.
Publikováno v:
Journal of virological methods [J Virol Methods] 2022 Feb; Vol. 300, pp. 114422. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 13.
Autor:
Cilli A; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: audreycilli@gmail.com., Luchs A; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Morillo SG; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Carmona RCC; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Maeda AY; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Primo D; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Pacheco GT; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Souza EV; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Medeiros RS; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Timenetsky MDCST; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology Centre, Av. Dr Arnaldo, no: 355, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: timenetsky.m@gmail.com.
Publikováno v:
Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology [J Clin Virol] 2021 Jul; Vol. 140, pp. 104844. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 26.
Autor:
Cunha MS; Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. masequetin@yahoo.com.br., Luchs A; Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil., Caleiro GS; Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.; Virology Laboratory, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Nogueira ML; Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Maiorka PC; Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Publikováno v:
Archives of virology [Arch Virol] 2020 Aug; Vol. 165 (8), pp. 1863-1868. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 May 30.
Autor:
Cunha MS; Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: masequetin@gmail.com., Luchs A; Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil., da Costa AC; Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Ribeiro GO; Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Respiratory Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil., Nogueira JS; Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil., Komninakis SV; Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil; Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Marinho RDSS; Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Witkin SS; Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA., Villanova F; Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil., Deng X; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA., Sabino EC; Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine, LIM/46, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Delwart E; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA., Leal É; Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil., Nogueira ML; Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil., Maiorka PC; Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Publikováno v:
Acta tropica [Acta Trop] 2020 May; Vol. 205, pp. 105401. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Feb 18.
Autor:
Cunha MS; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. masequetin@gmail.com., da Costa AC; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. charlysbr@yahoo.com.br., de Azevedo Fernandes NCC; Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Guerra JM; Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Nogueira JS; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., D'Agostino LG; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Komninakis SV; Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil., Witkin SS; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Ressio RA; Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Maeda AY; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Vasami FGS; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Kaigawa UMA; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., de Azevedo LS; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., de Souza Facioli PA; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Macedo FLL; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Sabino EC; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Leal É; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil., de Souza RP; Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Publikováno v:
Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2019 Apr 02; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 5474. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Apr 02.
Autor:
Faria NR; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nuno.faria@zoo.ox.ac.uk luiz.alcantara@ioc.fiocruz.br oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk., Kraemer MUG; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Hill SC; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Goes de Jesus J; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Aguiar RS; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Iani FCM; Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Xavier J; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Quick J; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., du Plessis L; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Dellicour S; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Thézé J; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Carvalho RDO; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Baele G; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Wu CH; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Silveira PP; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Arruda MB; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Pereira MA; Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Pereira GC; Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Lourenço J; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Obolski U; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Abade L; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; The Global Health Network, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Vasylyeva TI; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Giovanetti M; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Yi D; Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA., Weiss DJ; Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Wint GRW; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Shearer FM; Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Funk S; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Nikolay B; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; CNRS UMR2000: Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Fonseca V; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.; KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Adelino TER; Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Oliveira MAA; Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Silva MVF; Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Sacchetto L; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Figueiredo PO; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Rezende IM; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Mello EM; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Said RFC; Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Santos DA; Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Ferraz ML; Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Brito MG; Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Santana LF; Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Menezes MT; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Brindeiro RM; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Tanuri A; Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Dos Santos FCP; Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil., Cunha MS; Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil., Nogueira JS; Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil., Rocco IM; Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil., da Costa AC; Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Komninakis SCV; Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; School of Medicine of ABC (FMABC), Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil., Azevedo V; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Chieppe AO; Coordenação de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Araujo ESM; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Mendonça MCL; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Dos Santos CC; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Dos Santos CD; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Mares-Guia AM; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Nogueira RMR; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Sequeira PC; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Abreu RG; Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil., Garcia MHO; Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil., Abreu AL; Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil., Okumoto O; Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília-DF, Brazil., Kroon EG; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., de Albuquerque CFC; Organização Pan - Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde - (OPAS/OMS), Brasília-DF, Brazil., Lewandowski K; Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK., Pullan ST; Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK., Carroll M; NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Public Health England, London, UK., de Oliveira T; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa., Sabino EC; Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Souza RP; Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil., Suchard MA; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Department of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Lemey P; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Trindade GS; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Drumond BP; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Filippis AMB; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Loman NJ; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Cauchemez S; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; CNRS UMR2000: Génomique Évolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Alcantara LCJ; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. nuno.faria@zoo.ox.ac.uk luiz.alcantara@ioc.fiocruz.br oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk.; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Pybus OG; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nuno.faria@zoo.ox.ac.uk luiz.alcantara@ioc.fiocruz.br oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Publikováno v:
Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2018 Aug 31; Vol. 361 (6405), pp. 894-899. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 23.