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Equatorial mountains on Pluto are covered by methane frosts resulting from a unique atmospheric process.

Autor: Bertrand T; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA. tanguy.bertrand@nasa.gov.; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, BP99, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France. tanguy.bertrand@nasa.gov., Forget F; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, BP99, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France. forget@lmd.jussieu.fr., Schmitt B; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000, Grenoble, France., White OL; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.; The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA., Grundy WM; Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA.

Publikováno v: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2020 Oct 13; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 5056. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 13.

Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU 69 , a small Kuiper Belt object.

Autor: Stern SA; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. astern@boulder.swri.edu., Weaver HA; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Spencer JR; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Olkin CB; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Gladstone GR; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Grundy WM; Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA., Moore JM; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA., Cruikshank DP; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA., Elliott HA; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA., McKinnon WB; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA., Parker JW; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Verbiscer AJ; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA., Young LA; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Aguilar DA; Independent consultant, Carbondale, CO 81623, USA., Albers JM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Andert T; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg 85577, Germany., Andrews JP; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Bagenal F; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA., Banks ME; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA., Bauer BA; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Bauman JA; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Bechtold KE; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Beddingfield CB; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Behrooz N; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Beisser KB; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Benecchi SD; Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA., Bernardoni E; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA., Beyer RA; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Bhaskaran S; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Bierson CJ; Earth and Planetary Science Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA., Binzel RP; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Birath EM; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Bird MK; Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53121, Germany.; Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50931, Germany., Boone DR; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Bowman AF; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Bray VJ; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA., Britt DT; Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA., Brown LE; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Buckley MR; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Buie MW; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Buratti BJ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Burke LM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Bushman SS; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Carcich B; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA., Chaikin AL; Independent science writer, Arlington, VT 05250, USA., Chavez CL; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Cheng AF; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Colwell EJ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Conard SJ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Conner MP; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Conrad CA; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Cook JC; Pinhead Institute, Telluride, CO 81435, USA., Cooper SB; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Custodio OS; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Dalle Ore CM; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Deboy CC; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Dharmavaram P; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Dhingra RD; University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA., Dunn GF; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Earle AM; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Egan AF; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Eisig J; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., El-Maarry MR; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK., Engelbrecht C; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Enke BL; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Ercol CJ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Fattig ED; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Ferrell CL; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Finley TJ; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Firer J; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Fischetti J; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Folkner WM; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Fosbury MN; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Fountain GH; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Freeze JM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Gabasova L; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France., Glaze LS; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA., Green JL; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA., Griffith GA; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Guo Y; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hahn M; Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50931, Germany., Hals DW; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hamilton DP; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA., Hamilton SA; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hanley JJ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Harch A; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA., Harmon KA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Hart HM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hayes J; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hersman CB; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hill ME; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hill TA; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Hofgartner JD; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Holdridge ME; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Horányi M; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA., Hosadurga A; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Howard AD; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA., Howett CJA; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Jaskulek SE; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Jennings DE; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA., Jensen JR; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Jones MR; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Kang HK; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Katz DJ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Kaufmann DE; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Kavelaars JJ; National Research Council of Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada., Keane JT; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Keleher GP; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Kinczyk M; Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA., Kochte MC; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Kollmann P; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Krimigis SM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Kruizinga GL; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Kusnierkiewicz DY; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Lahr MS; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Lauer TR; National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 26732, USA., Lawrence GB; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Lee JE; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA., Lessac-Chenen EJ; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Linscott IR; Independent consultant, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Lisse CM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Lunsford AW; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA., Mages DM; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Mallder VA; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Martin NP; Independent consultant, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA., May BH; Independent collaborator, Windlesham GU20 6YW, UK., McComas DJ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA., McNutt RL Jr; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Mehoke DS; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Mehoke TS; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Nelson DS; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Nguyen HD; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Núñez JI; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Ocampo AC; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA., Owen WM; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Oxton GK; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Parker AH; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Pätzold M; Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50931, Germany., Pelgrift JY; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Pelletier FJ; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Pineau JP; Stellar Solutions, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA., Piquette MR; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA., Porter SB; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Protopapa S; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Quirico E; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France., Redfern JA; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Regiec AL; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Reitsema HJ; Independent consultant, Holland, MI 49424, USA., Reuter DC; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA., Richardson DC; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA., Riedel JE; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Ritterbush MA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Robbins SJ; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Rodgers DJ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Rogers GD; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Rose DM; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Rosendall PE; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Runyon KD; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Ryschkewitsch MG; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Saina MM; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Salinas MJ; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Schenk PM; Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA., Scherrer JR; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Schlei WR; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Schmitt B; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France., Schultz DJ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Schurr DC; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA., Scipioni F; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Sepan RL; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Shelton RG; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Showalter MR; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Simon M; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Singer KN; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Stahlheber EW; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Stanbridge DR; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Stansberry JA; Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA., Steffl AJ; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Strobel DF; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA., Stothoff MM; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Stryk T; Roane State Community College, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA., Stuart JR; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Summers ME; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA., Tapley MB; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Taylor A; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Taylor HW; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Tedford RM; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Throop HB; Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA., Turner LS; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Umurhan OM; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Van Eck J; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Velez D; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA., Versteeg MH; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA., Vincent MA; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Webbert RW; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Weidner SE; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA., Weigle GE 2nd; Independent consultant, Burden, KS 67019, USA., Wendel JR; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA., White OL; NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA., Whittenburg KE; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Williams BG; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Williams KE; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA., Williams SP; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Winters HL; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA., Zangari AM; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA., Zurbuchen TH; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA.

Publikováno v: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2019 May 17; Vol. 364 (6441).