Zobrazeno 1 - 10
of 10
pro vyhledávání: '"Vincent, Doisy"'
Autor:
Thomas Modine, Antonio Piperata, Augustin Coisne, Vincent Doisy, Agnes Mougnier, Andre Vincentelli, Mohamed Koussa, François Pontana, Antoine Bical, Henri Dubrulle, David Montaigne
Publikováno v:
Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 37:2564-2570
To evaluate whether the simplified valve-sparing technique (SVST) implies clinical outcomes comparable or not with those of established David technique in the surgery of aortic root.We collected the records of patients who had undergone aortic root s
Autor:
Jean Philippe Verhoye, Thibaut Manigold, Alain Cribier, Nicolas Dumonteil, Patrick Ohlmann, Dominique Himbert, Hervé Le Breton, Frederic Collet, Philippe Guyon, Nicolas Meneveau, Xavier Favereau, Didier Carrié, Stéphane Delépine, Thomas Cuisset, Francois Bourlon, Emmanuel Teiger, Farzin Beygui, Olivier Bar, Bernard Albat, Bernard Bertrand, Martine Gilard, Géraud Souteyrand, Bernard Iung, France-TAVI, Arnaud Sudre, Remi Houel, Vincent Auffret, Philippe Commeau, Romain Didier, Louis Labrousse, Antoine Gommeaux, Guillaume Cayla, Thierry Lefèvre, Jean-Philippe Collet, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Didier Blanchard, Sylvain Beurtheret, Jean-Philippe Claudel, Vincent Doisy, Thibault Lhermusier, Gilles Rioufol, Stop-As, Said Ghostine
Publikováno v:
JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 14:1704-1713
Objectives Using French transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) registries linked with the nationwide administrative databases, the study compared the rates of long-term mortality, bleeding, and ischemic events after TAVR in patients requiring
Autor:
Jean-François Fuzellier, Christophe de Meester, Rémi Houel, Florence Tubach, Georges Fayad, Maciej Matuszewski, Eric Arnaud-Crozat, Svenja Rauch, Jean-François Obadia, Adrian Kolesar, Matteo Pettinari, Bardia Arabkhani, Jos A. Bekkers, Fabrizio Ceresa, Andrea Mangini, Dave R. Koolbergen, Daniel Czytrom, František Sabol, Thomas J van Brakel, Ignacio Bibiloni, Pallav Shah, Rosina Ziller, Alain Leguerrier, Marek Jasiński, Gianclaudio Mecozzi, Mihail Svetkin, Taoufik Benkacem, Jaroslav Hlubocky, Hans-Joachim Schäfers, Vincent Doisy, Jean-Luc Monin, Christine Leon, Carlo Antona, Jan Vojacek, Munir Boodhwani, Francesco Patane, Andrey Slautin, Gebrine Elkhoury, Rubina Rosa, Yutaka Okita, Ismail El-Hamamsy, Wenke Goossens, Alain Berrebi, Paolo Ferrero, Jan Nijs, Fabien Doguet, Mauro Masat, Monica Contino, Edward P. Chen, Gregorio Rábago, Stéphane Lopez, Duke E. Cameron, Johannes Steindl, José Aramendi, Eric Bergoend, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Bart Meuris, Virginia Alvarez-Asiain, Robert Novotny, Davor Barić, Michael A. Borger, Tomas Toporcer, Ruggero De Paulis, Leila Mankoubi, J. M. Marnette, Christelle Diakov, Amaia Melero, Said Soliman, Michael Tousch, Ryan E. Accord, Philippe Pibarot, Mikita Karalko, Vladislav Aminov, Agnes Pasquet, Serban Stoica, David Messika Zeitoun, Olivier Bouchot, Bernard Albat, Jérôme Jouan, Savica Gjorgijevska, Klaartje Van den Bossche, Igor Rudez, J. Kluin, Laurent de Guillaume Jondeau, Didier Chatel, Pascal Leprince, Sarah Pousset, Rafael Sadaba, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Evi Schepmans, Johanna J.M. Takkenberg, Carlos Porras, Herbert Gutermann, Isabelle Di Centa, Aude Boignard, Joseph E. Bavaria, Pierre-Emmanuel Noly, Yves Glock, Corinne Coulon, Bart Loeys, Rita K. Milewski, Christian Dinges, Marien Lenoir, Francesco Grigioni, Alejandro Crespo, Patrick Moeller, Frederiek de Heer, Mohamad Bashir, Milean Noghin, Fadoua Kaddouri, Takashi Kunihara, Isaac Wenger, Ilaria Chirichilli, Claudia Romagnoni, Diana Aicher, Arturo Evangelista Masip, Daniel Unić, Emmanuel Lansac, Fabrice Wautot, Peter Verbrugghe, Laurent de Kerchove, Pouya Youssefi, Josip Varvodić, Robert J.M. Klautz, Patrick Yiu, Frank Theisohn, Pavel Zacek, Guy Fernandez, Takeshi Miyairi, Thierry Bourguignon
Publikováno v:
Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 31(4), 643-649. W.B. Saunders
Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Vol. 31, no.4, p. 643-649 (2021)
Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Vol. 31, no.4, p. 643-649 (2021)
Aortic valve surgery in non-elderly patients represents a very challenging patient population. The younger the patient is at the point of aortic valve intervention, the longer their anticipated life expectancy will be, with longer exposure to valve-r
Autor:
Romain, Didier, Hélène, Eltchaninoff, Patrick, Donzeau-Gouge, Karine, Chevreul, Jean, Fajadet, Pascal, Leprince, Alain, Leguerrier, Michel, Lièvre, Alain, Prat, Emmanuel, Teiger, Thierry, Lefevre, Didier, Tchetché, Didier, Carrié, Dominique, Himbert, Bernard, Albat, Alain, Cribier, Arnaud, Sudre, Didier, Blanchard, Gilles, Rioufol, Frederic, Collet, Remi, Houel, Pierre, Dos Santos, Nicolas, Meneveau, Said, Ghostine, Thibaut, Manigold, Philippe, Guyon, Thomas, Cuisset, Herve, Le Breton, Stephane, Delepine, Xavier, Favereau, Geraud, Souteyrand, Patrick, Ohlmann, Vincent, Doisy, Thérèse, Lognoné, Antoine, Gommeaux, Jean-Philippe, Claudel, Francois, Bourlon, Bernard, Bertrand, Bernard, Iung, Martine, Gilard
Publikováno v:
Circulation. 138(23)
The FRANCE-2 registry (French Aortic National Corevalve and Edwards) previously reported good early- and medium-term clinical and echocardiographic efficacy for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We here report 5-year follow-up results from the
Autor:
Martine Gilard, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Karine Chevreul, Jean Fajadet, Pascal Leprince, Alain Leguerrier, Michel Lievre, Alain Prat, Emmanuel Teiger, Thierry Lefevre, Didier Tchetche, Didier Carrié, Dominique Himbert, Bernard Albat, Alain Cribier, Arnaud Sudre, Didier Blanchard, Gilles Rioufol, Frederic Collet, Remi Houel, Pierre Dos Santos, Nicolas Meneveau, Said Ghostine, Thibaut Manigold, Philippe Guyon, Dominique Grisoli, Herve Le Breton, Stephane Delpine, Romain Didier, Xavier Favereau, Geraud Souteyrand, Patrick Ohlmann, Vincent Doisy, Gilles Grollier, Antoine Gommeaux, Jean-Philippe Claudel, Francois Bourlon, Bernard Bertrand, Marc Laskar, Bernard Iung, Michel Bertrand, Jean Cassagne, Jacques Boschat, Jean Rene Lusson, Pierre Mathieu, Yves Logeais, Jean-Paul Bessou, Bernard Chevalier, Arnaud Farge, Philippe Garot, Thomas Hovasse, Marie Claude Morice, Mauro Romano, Patrick Donzeau Gouge, Olivier Vahdat, Bruno Farah, Didier Carrie, Nicolas Dumonteil, Gérard Fournial, Bertrand Marcheix, Patrick Nataf, Alec Vahanian, Florence Leclercq, Christophe Piot, Laurent Schmutz, Pierre Aubas, A. du Cailar, A. Dubar, N. Durrleman, F. Fargosz, Gilles Levy, Eric Maupas, François Rivalland, G. Robert, Christophe Tron, Francis Juthier, Thomas Modine, Eric Van Belle, Carlo Banfi, Thierry Sallerin, Olivier Bar, Christophe Barbey, Stephan Chassaing, Didier Chatel, Olivier Le Page, Arnaud Tauran, Daniele Cao, Raphael Dauphin, Guy Durand de Gevigney, Gérard Finet, Olivier Jegaden, Jean-François Obadia, Farzin Beygui, Jean-Philippe Collet, Alain Pavie, Frédéric Collet, null Pecheux, null Bayet, Alain Vaillant, Jacques Vicat, Olivier Wittenberg, Rémi Houel, Patrick Joly, Roger Rosario, Patrice Bergeron, Jacques Bille, Richard Gelisse, Jean-Paul Couetil, Jean-Luc Dubois Rande, Delphine Hayat, Emilie Fougeres, Jean-Luc Monin, Gauthier Mouillet, Florence Arsac, Emmanuel Choukroun, Marina Dijos, Jean-Philippe Guibaud, Lionel Leroux, Nicolas Elia, null Descotes Genon, Sidney Chocron, François Schiele, Christophe Caussin, Alexandre Azmoun, Saïd Ghostine, Rémi Nottin, Ashok Tirouvanziam, Dominique Crochet, Régis Gaudin, Jean-Christian Roussel, Nicolas Bonnet, Franck Digne, Patrick Mesnidrey, Thierry Royer, Victor Stratiev, Jean-Louis Bonnet, Thomas Cuisset, Hervé Le Breton, Issal Abouliatim, Marc Bedossa, Dominique Boulmier, Jean Philippe Verhoye, Stéphane Delepine, Jean-Louis Debrux, Alain Furber, Frédéric Pinaud, Eric Bezon, Jean-Noel Choplain, Oliver Bical, Grégoire Dambrin, Philippe Deleuze, Arnaud Jegou, Jean-René Lusson, Kasra Azarnouch, Nicolas Durel, Andrea Innorta, Géraud Souteyrand, Yves Lienhart, Ricardo Roriz, Patrick Staat, Jean-Noël Fabiani, Antoine Lafont, Rachid Zegdi, Didier Heudes, Michel Kindo, Jean-Philippe Mazzucotelli, Michel Zupan, Calin Ivascau, Thérèse Lognone, Massimo Massetti, Rémy Sabatier, Bruno Huret, Philippe Hochart, Damien Bouchayer, François Gabrielle, Franck Pelissier, Guillaume Tremeau, François Bourlon, Gilles Dreyfus, Armand Eker, Yakoub Habib, Nicolas Hugues, Claude Mialhe, Olivier Chavanon, Paolo Porcu, Gérald Vanzetto
Publikováno v:
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 68:1637-1647
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized management of high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, survival and the incidence of severe complications have been assessed in relatively small populations a
Autor:
Nicolas Meneveau, Said Ghostine, G. Rioufol, Dominique Himbert, Stéphane Delépine, Philippe Guyon, Jean Fajadet, Frederic Collet, Martine Gilard, Didier Carrié, Alain Cribier, Patrick Ohlmann, Arnaud Sudre, Pascal Leprince, Michel Lievre, Thierry Lefèvre, Pierre Dos Santos, Thérèse Lognoné, Bernard Bertrand, Alain Prat, Didier Tchetche, Xavier Favereau, Thibaut Manigold, Jean-Philippe Claudel, Bernard Albat, Alain Leguerrier, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Géraud Souteyrand, Bernard Iung, Antoine Gommeaux, Thomas Cuisset, Francois Bourlon, Remi Houel, Emmanuel Teiger, Didier Blanchard, Karine Chevreul, Hervé Le Breton, Romain Didier, Vincent Doisy
Publikováno v:
Circulation
Circulation, American Heart Association, 2018, 138 (23), pp.2597--2607
Circulation, 2018, 138 (23), pp.2597--2607. ⟨10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036866⟩
Circulation, American Heart Association, 2018, 138 (23), pp.2597--2607. ⟨10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036866⟩
Circulation, American Heart Association, 2018, 138 (23), pp.2597--2607
Circulation, 2018, 138 (23), pp.2597--2607. ⟨10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036866⟩
Circulation, American Heart Association, 2018, 138 (23), pp.2597--2607. ⟨10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036866⟩
Background: The FRANCE-2 registry (French Aortic National Corevalve and Edwards) previously reported good early- and medium-term clinical and echocardiographic efficacy for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We here report 5-year follow-up resul
Externí odkaz:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::58323f00f899d0273fdd3f2274932ee9
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02003309
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02003309
Autor:
Vincent Auffret, Thierry Lefevre, Eric Van Belle, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Bernard Iung, René Koning, Pascal Motreff, Pascal Leprince, Jean Philippe Verhoye, Thibaut Manigold, Geraud Souteyrand, Dominique Boulmier, Patrick Joly, Frédéric Pinaud, Dominique Himbert, Jean Philippe Collet, Gilles Rioufol, Said Ghostine, Olivier Bar, Alain Dibie, Didier Champagnac, Lionel Leroux, Frédéric Collet, Emmanuel Teiger, Olivier Darremont, Thierry Folliguet, Florence Leclercq, Thibault Lhermusier, Patrick Olhmann, Bruno Huret, Luc Lorgis, Laurent Drogoul, Bernard Bertrand, Christian Spaulding, Laurent Quilliet, Thomas Cuisset, Maxence Delomez, Farzin Beygui, Jean-Philippe Claudel, Alain Hepp, Arnaud Jegou, Antoine Gommeaux, Anfani Mirode, Luc Christiaens, Charles Christophe, Claude Cassat, Damien Metz, Lionel Mangin, Karl Isaaz, Laurent Jacquemin, Philippe Guyon, Christophe Pouillot, Serge Makowski, Vincent Bataille, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Martine Gilard, Hervé Le Breton, Herve Le Breton, Marc Laskar, Bernard Chevalier, Philippe Garot, Thomas Hovasse, Patrick Donzeau Gouge, Arnaud Farge, Mauro Romano, Bertrand Cormier, Erik Bouvier, Jean-Jacques Bauchart, Jean-Christophe Bodart, Cédric Delhaye, David Houpe, Robert Lallemant, Fabrice Leroy, Arnaud Sudre, Francis Juthier, Mohamed Koussa, Thomas Modine, Natacha Rousse, Jean-Luc Auffray, Marjorie Richardson, Jacques Berland, Mathieu Godin, Jean-Paul Bessou, Vincent Letocart, Jean-Christian Roussel, Philippe Jaafar, Nicolas Combaret, Nicolas D’Ostrevy, Andréa Innorta, Guillaume Clerfond, Charles Vorilhon, Marc Bedossa, Guillaume Leurent, Amedeo Anselmi, Majid Harmouche, Jean-Philippe Verhoye, Erwan Donal, Jacques Bille, Rémi Houel, Bertrand Vilette, Wissam Abi Khalil, Stéphane Delepine, Olivier Fouquet, Frédéric Rouleau, Jérémie Abtan, Marina Urena, Soleiman Alkhoder, Walid Ghodbane, Dimitri Arangalage, Eric Brochet, Coppelia Goublaire, Olivier Barthelemy, Rémi Choussat, Jean-Philippe Collet, Guillaume Lebreton, Chiro Mastrioanni, Richard Isnard, Raphael Dauphin, Olivier Dubreuil, Guy Durand De Gevigney, Gérard Finet, Brahim Harbaoui, Sylvain Ranc, Fadi Farhat, Olivier Jegaden, Jean-François Obadia, Matteo Pozzi, Saïd Ghostine, Philippe Brenot, Sahbi Fradi, Alexandre Azmoun, Philippe Deleuze, Martin Kloeckner, Didier Blanchard, Christophe Barbey, Stephan Chassaing, Didier Chatel, Olivier Le Page, Arnaud Tauran, Didier Bruere, Laurent Bodson, Yvon Meurisse, Aurélien Seemann, Nicolas Amabile, Christophe Caussin, Simon Elhaddad, Luc Drieu, Alice Ohanessian, François Philippe, Aurélie Veugeois, Matthieu Debauchez, Konstantinos Zannis, Daniel Czitrom, Chrystelle Diakov, François Raoux, Yves Lienhart, Patrick Staat, Oualid Zouaghi, Vincent Doisy, Jean Philippe Frieh, Fabrice Wautot, Julie Dementhon, Olivier Garrier, Fadi Jamal, Pierre Yves Leroux, Frédéric Casassus, Benjamin Seguy, Laurent Barandon, Louis Labrousse, Julien Peltan, Claire Cornolle, Marina Dijos, Stéphane Lafitte, Gilles Bayet, Claude Charmasson, Alain Vaillant, Jacques Vicat, Marie Paule Giacomoni, Eric Bergoend, Céline Zerbib, Jean Louis Leymarie, Philippe Clerc, Emmanuel Choukroun, Nicolas Elia, Jean-Philippe Grimaud, Jean-Philippe Guibaud, Stéphane Wroblewski, Eric Abergel, Emmanuel Bogino, Christophe Chauvel, Patrick Dehant, Marc Simon, Michel Angioi, Julien Lemoine, Simon Lemoine, Batric Popovic, Pablo Maureira, Olivier Huttin, Christine Selton Suty, Guillaume Cayla, Delphine Delseny, Gilles Levy, Jean Christophe Macia, Eric Maupas, Christophe Piot, François Rivalland, Gabriel Robert, Laurent Schmutz, Frédéric Targosz, Bernard Albat, Arnaud Dubar, Nicolas Durrleman, Thomas Gandet, Emmanuel Munos, Stéphane Cade, Frédéric Cransac, Frédéric Bouisset, Etienne Grunenwald, Bertrand Marcheix, Pauline Fournier, Olivier Morel, Patrick Ohlmann, Michel Kindo, Minh Tam Hoang, Hélène Petit, Hafida Samet, Anne Trinh, Guillaume Lecoq, Jean François Morelle, Pascal Richard, Thierry Derieux, Emmanuel Monier, Cédric Joret, Olivier Bouchot, Jean Christophe Eicher, Pierre Meyer, Stéphane Lopez, Michel Tapia, Jacques Teboul, Jean-Pierre Elbeze, Alain Mihoubi, Gérald Vanzetto, Olivier Wittenberg, Vincent Bach, Cécile Martin, Carole Sauier, Charlotte Casset, Philippe Castellant, Eric Bezon, Jean-Noel Choplain, Ahmed Kallifa, Bahaa Nasr, Yannick Jobic, Antoine Lafont, Jean-Yves Pagny, Ramzi Abi Akar, Jean-Noël Fabiani, Rachid Zegdi, Alain Berrebi, Tania Puscas, Bernard Desveaux, Fabrice Ivanes, Christophe Saint Etienne, Thierry Bourguignon, Blandine Aupy, Romain Perault, Jean-Louis Bonnet, Marc Lambert, Dominique Grisoli, Nicolas Jaussaud, Erwan Salaun, Amine Laghzaoui, Christine Savoye, Mathieu Bignon, Vincent Roule, Rémy Sabatier, Calin Ivascau, Vladimir Saplacan, Eric Saloux, Damien Bouchayer, Guillaume Tremeau, Camille Diab, Joel Lapeze, Franck Pelissier, Thomas Sassard, Catherine Matz, Nicolas Monsarrat, Ivan Carel, Franck Sibellas, Alain Curtil, Grégoire Dambrin, Xavier Favereau, Gabriel Ghorayeb, Laurent Guesnier, Wassim Khoury, Christophe Kucharski, Bruno Pouzet, Claude Vaislic, Riadh Cheikh-Khelifa, Loïc Hilpert, Philippe Maribas, Gery Hannebicque, Philippe Hochart, Marc Paris, Max Pecheux, Olivier Fabre, Laurent Leborgne, Marcel Peltier, Faouzi Trojette, Doron Carmi, Christophe Tribouilloy, Jean Mergy, Pierre Corbi, Pascale Raud Raynier, Sylvain Carillo, Arnaud Hueber, Fédéric Moulin, Georges Pinelli, Nicole Darodes, Francis Pesteil, Chadi Aludaat, Frédéric Torossian, Loïc Belle, Nicolas Chavanis, Chrystelle Akret, Alexis Cerisier, Jean Pierre Favre, Jean François Fuzellier, Romain Pierrard, Olivier Roth, Jean Yves Wiedemann, Nicolas Bischoff, Georghe Gavra, Nicolas Bourrely, Franck Digne, Mohammed Najjari, Victor Stratiev, Nicolas Bonnet, Patrick Mesnildrey, David Attias, Julien Dreyfus, Daniel Karila Cohen, Thierry Laperche, Julien Nahum, Aliocha Scheuble, Geoffrey Rambaud, Eric Brauberger, Michel Ah Hot, Philippe Allouch, Fabrice Beverelli, Julien Rosencher, Stéphane Aubert, Jean Michel Grinda, Thierry Waldman
Publikováno v:
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Elsevier, 2017, 70 (1), pp.42-55. 〈10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.053〉
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Elsevier, 2017, 70 (1), pp.42-55. 〈10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.053〉
Background - Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is standard therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high surgical risk. However, national data regarding procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes over time are lim
Externí odkaz:
https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d43a5a10ccb39a32582befd5ec5ffdff
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01654889
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01654889
Late Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients: The FRANCE-2 Registry
Autor:
Martine, Gilard, Hélène, Eltchaninoff, Patrick, Donzeau-Gouge, Karine, Chevreul, Jean, Fajadet, Pascal, Leprince, Alain, Leguerrier, Michel, Lievre, Alain, Prat, Emmanuel, Teiger, Thierry, Lefevre, Didier, Tchetche, Didier, Carrié, Dominique, Himbert, Bernard, Albat, Alain, Cribier, Arnaud, Sudre, Didier, Blanchard, Gilles, Rioufol, Frederic, Collet, Remi, Houel, Pierre, Dos Santos, Nicolas, Meneveau, Said, Ghostine, Thibaut, Manigold, Philippe, Guyon, Dominique, Grisoli, Herve, Le Breton, Stephane, Delpine, Romain, Didier, Xavier, Favereau, Geraud, Souteyrand, Patrick, Ohlmann, Vincent, Doisy, Gilles, Grollier, Antoine, Gommeaux, Jean-Philippe, Claudel, Francois, Bourlon, Bernard, Bertrand, Marc, Laskar, Bernard, Iung, Gérald, Vanzetto
Publikováno v:
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 68(15)
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized management of high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, survival and the incidence of severe complications have been assessed in relatively small populations and/or with
Autor:
Alain Curtil, Nicolas Chavanis, Fabrice Wautot, Marc Vigneron, Vincent Doisy, Jean-Philippe Frieh
Publikováno v:
Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements. 4(1):59-60
Autor:
Marc Vigneron, Jean-Philippe Frieh, Nicolas Chavanis, Alain Curtil, Fabrice Wautot, Vincent Doisy
Publikováno v:
Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements. 5:52
To assess the reliability of minimally invasive approach, as this approach is contest in France we review part of our experience in one center. Methods From January 2009 to April 2012, 368 patients were operated of isolated mitral surgery in a single