Cervical varicosities, an uncommon cause of third-trimester bleeding in pregnancy: A case report

Autor: Julia Youssef, Victoria Afolayan, Maat Mack, Angelica Sze

Publikováno v: Case Reports in Women's Health, Vol 38, Iss , Pp e00507- (2023)

Cervical varicosities are dilated cervical veins and are uncommon causes of third-trimester vaginal bleeding. Early identification of patients with cervical varices is critical to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, which increases the risk of maternal mo

Externí odkaz: https://doaj.org/article/931e3b1c918b44f39695f353096bd619

A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.

Autor: Wilkinson E; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa., Giovanetti M; Laboratorio de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Tegally H; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., San JE; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Lessells R; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Cuadros D; Department of Geography and GIS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Martin DP; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Rasmussen DA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.; Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA., Zekri AN; Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt., Sangare AK; Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux-Mali (CICM-Mali), Bamako, Mali., Ouedraogo AS; Bacteriology and Virology Department Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., Sesay AK; MRCG at LSHTM Genomics Lab, Fajara, Gambia., Priscilla A; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Kemi AS; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Olubusuyi AM; Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Oluwapelumi AOO; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria., Hammami A; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of sFax, University of sFax, sFax, Tunisia., Amuri AA; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Sayed A; Genomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt., Ouma AEO; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Elargoubi A; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.; Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., Ajayi NA; Internal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria., Victoria AF; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Kazeem A; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., George A; Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria., Trotter AJ; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Yahaya AA; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Keita AK; Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Université de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.; TransVIHMI, Montpellier University/IRD/INSERM, Montpellier, France., Diallo A; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Kone A; Mali-University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Bamako, Mali., Souissi A; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Chtourou A; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of sFax, University of sFax, sFax, Tunisia., Gutierrez AV; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Page AJ; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Vinze A; Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Iranzadeh A; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Lambisia A; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya., Ismail A; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa., Rosemary A; The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria., Sylverken A; Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany., Femi A; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Ibrahimi A; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Marycelin B; Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Nigeria., Oderinde BS; Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Nigeria., Bolajoko B; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Dhaala B; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda., Herring BL; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Njanpop-Lafourcade BM; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Kleinhans B; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa., McInnis B; Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt., Tegomoh B; The Biotechnology Center of the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon and CDC Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon., Brook C; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Pratt CB; University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA., Scheepers C; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Akoua-Koffi CG; CHU de Bouaké, Laboratoire/Unité de Diagnostic des Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques et Virus Émergents, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire., Agoti CN; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya.; School of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya., Peyrefitte C; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Daubenberger C; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland., Morang'a CM; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Nokes DJ; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya.; School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Amoako DG; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa., Bugembe DL; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda., Park D; Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Baker D; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Doolabh D; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Ssemwanga D; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda., Tshiabuila D; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Bassirou D; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Amuzu DSY; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Goedhals D; Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa., Omuoyo DO; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya., Maruapula D; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership and Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana., Foster-Nyarko E; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Lusamaki EK; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Simulundu E; University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Lusaka, Zambia., Ong'era EM; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya., Ngabana EN; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Shumba E; African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., El Fahime E; Functional Genomic Platform/National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco., Lokilo E; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Mukantwari E; Rwanda National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda., Philomena E; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Belarbi E; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany., Simon-Loriere E; G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Anoh EA; CHU de Bouaké, Laboratoire/Unité de Diagnostic des Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques et Virus Émergents, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire., Leendertz F; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany., Ajili F; Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases UR17DN02, Military Hospital of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia., Enoch FO; Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria., Wasfi F; Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia., Abdelmoula F; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.; Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., Mosha FS; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Takawira FT; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe., Derrar F; National Influenza Centre, Viral Respiratory Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria., Bouzid F; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Onikepe F; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Adeola F; Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Muyembe FM; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Tanser F; Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Dratibi FA; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Mbunsu GK; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Thilliez G; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Kay GL; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Githinji G; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya.; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya., van Zyl G; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.; National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa., Awandare GA; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Schubert G; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany., Maphalala GP; Institution and Department, Ministry Of Health, COVID-19 Testing Laboratory, Mbabane, Kingdom of Eswatini., Ranaivoson HC; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Lemriss H; Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, High Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat, Morocco., Anise H; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Abe H; Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan., Karray HH; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of sFax, University of sFax, sFax, Tunisia., Nansumba H; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Kampala, Uganda., Elgahzaly HA; Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Gumbo H; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe., Smeti I; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Ayed IB; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Odia I; Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria., Ben Boubaker IB; Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, National Influenza Center, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., Gaaloul I; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., Gazy I; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel., Mudau I; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Ssewanyana I; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Kampala, Uganda., Konstantinus I; Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia., Lekana-Douk JB; Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon., Makangara JC; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Tamfum JM; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Heraud JM; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Shaffer JG; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA., Giandhari J; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Li J; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Yasuda J; Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan., Mends JQ; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Kiconco J; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda., Morobe JM; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya., Gyapong JO; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Okolie JC; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Kayiwa JT; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda., Edwards JA; Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Gyamfi J; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Farah J; Anoual Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco., Nakaseegu J; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda., Ngoi JM; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Namulondo J; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda., Andeko JC; Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon., Lutwama JJ; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda., O'Grady J; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Siddle K; Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Adeyemi KT; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Tumedi KA; Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana., Said KM; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya., Hae-Young K; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA., Duedu KO; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Belyamani L; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Fki-Berrajah L; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of sFax, University of sFax, sFax, Tunisia., Singh L; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Martins LO; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Tyers L; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Ramuth M; Virology/Molecular Biology Department, Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius., Mastouri M; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.; Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., Aouni M; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia., El Hefnawi M; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo Egypt., Matsheka MI; Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana., Kebabonye M; Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana., Diop M; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Turki M; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Paye M; Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Nyaga MM; Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa., Mareka M; National Reference Laboratory Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Damaris MM; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Mburu MW; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya., Mpina M; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea.; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania., Nwando M; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria., Owusu M; Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Wiley MR; University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA., Youtchou MT; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria., Ayekaba MO; Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea., Abouelhoda M; Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Seadawy MG; Biological Prevention Department, Main Chemical Laboratories, Egypt Army, Cairo, Egypt., Khalifa MK; Genomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt., Sekhele M; National Reference Laboratory Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Ouadghiri M; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Diagne MM; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Mwenda M; PATH, Lusaka, Zambia., Allam M; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa., Phan MVT; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda., Abid N; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.; Department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BP-66, 2020 Ariana-Tunis, Tunisia., Touil N; Genomic Center for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Rujeni N; Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda.; School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda., Kharrat N; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Ismael N; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS), Maputo, Mozambique., Dia N; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Mabunda N; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS), Maputo, Mozambique., Hsiao NY; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa., Silochi NB; Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea., Nsenga N; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Gumede N; World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo., Mulder N; Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, IDM, CIDRI Africa Wellcome Trust Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Ndodo N; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria., Razanajatovo NH; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Iguosadolo N; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Judith O; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Kingsley OC; Virology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria., Sylvanus O; Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria., Peter O; Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria., Femi O; Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria., Idowu O; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Testimony O; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Chukwuma OE; Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Ogah OE; Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria., Onwuamah CK; The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.; Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria., Cyril O; Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria., Faye O; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Tomori O; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Ondoa P; African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Combe P; Mayotte Hospital Center, Mayotte, France., Semanda P; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Kampala, Uganda., Oluniyi PE; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria., Arnaldo P; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS), Maputo, Mozambique., Quashie PK; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Dussart P; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Bester PA; Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa., Mbala PK; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Ayivor-Djanie R; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Njouom R; Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon., Phillips RO; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Gorman R; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Kingsley RA; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK., Carr RAA; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., El Kabbaj S; Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales de la Gendarmerie Royale, Rabat, Morocco., Gargouri S; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of sFax, University of sFax, sFax, Tunisia., Masmoudi S; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Sankhe S; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Lawal SB; The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria., Kassim S; Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Trabelsi S; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Lab, LR16SP02, National Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia., Metha S; Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Kammoun S; CHU Hedi Chaker Sfax, Service de Pneumologie, Tunis, Tunisia., Lemriss S; Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales de la Gendarmerie Royale, Rabat, Morocco., Agwa SHA; Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Calvignac-Spencer S; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany., Schaffner SF; Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA., Doumbia S; Mali-University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Bamako, Mali., Mandanda SM; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo., Aryeetey S; 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Publikováno v: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2021 Oct 22; Vol. 374 (6566), pp. 423-431. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 09.