Pesticide Residues in Cabbage and Nile Tilapia and Implications on Human Health and Ecosystems: A Case of Fogera District in Ethiopia.

Autor: Abaineh A; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. abebawabayneh@gmail.com., Ejigu D; Departments of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Atlabachew M; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Zeleke BY; African Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Dejen E; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; PM, Environment Protection, Agriculture and Environment Division, IGAD Secretariat, Djibouti, Djibouti., Tilahun G; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Hilawea KT; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Publikováno v: Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology [Arch Environ Contam Toxicol] 2024 Nov; Vol. 87 (4), pp. 427-445. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 16.

Injury and violence in the context of sustainable development: The first Bethune Round Table in Africa, Bethune Round Table 2024, Conference on Global Surgery, May 16-18, 2024, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Autor: Lett R; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Ronald Lett); the World Health Organization (Bartolomeos); and Rigel Software (Ryan Lett)., Bartolomeos K; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Ronald Lett); the World Health Organization (Bartolomeos); and Rigel Software (Ryan Lett)., Lett R; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Ronald Lett); the World Health Organization (Bartolomeos); and Rigel Software (Ryan Lett)., Laeke T; From Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Tirsit A; From Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Kassahun A; From Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Boniface R; From the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (Boniface, Munthali); the Injury Control Centre Tanzania (Boniface, Munthali); the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (Boniface); the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Boniface); and the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Global Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada (Razek, Deckelbaum, Bracco)., Munthali V; From the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (Boniface, Munthali); the Injury Control Centre Tanzania (Boniface, Munthali); the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (Boniface); the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Boniface); and the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Global Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada (Razek, Deckelbaum, Bracco)., Razek T; From the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (Boniface, Munthali); the Injury Control Centre Tanzania (Boniface, Munthali); the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (Boniface); the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Boniface); and the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Global Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada (Razek, Deckelbaum, Bracco)., Deckelbaum D; From the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (Boniface, Munthali); the Injury Control Centre Tanzania (Boniface, Munthali); the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (Boniface); the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Boniface); and the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Global Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada (Razek, Deckelbaum, Bracco)., Bracco D; From the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (Boniface, Munthali); the Injury Control Centre Tanzania (Boniface, Munthali); the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (Boniface); the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Boniface); and the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Global Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada (Razek, Deckelbaum, Bracco)., Presser E; From the Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Network For Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia (Belay); the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Debre Berhan University, Asrat Woldyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Kifle); the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson)., Belay E; From the Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Network For Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia (Belay); the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Debre Berhan University, Asrat Woldyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Kifle); the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson)., Kifle F; From the Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Network For Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia (Belay); the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Debre Berhan University, Asrat Woldyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Kifle); the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson)., Weiser TG; From the Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Network For Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia (Belay); the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Debre Berhan University, Asrat Woldyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Kifle); the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson)., Iverson K; From the Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Network For Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia (Belay); the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Debre Berhan University, Asrat Woldyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Belay, Kifle); the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Kifle); the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson)., Takoutsing BD; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Dalle DU; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Mbangtang CB; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Nyalundja AD; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Macaraeg J; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Dzirasa I; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Kanmounye US; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Dovlo D; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Koram K; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Nyarko E; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Jumbam DT; From the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Takoutsing, Dalle, Mbangtang, Nyalundja, Kanmounye); the Health Policy and Advocacy Department, Operation Smile Inc. (Macaraeg, Dzirasa, Kanmounye, Jumbam); and the Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana (Dovlo, Koram, Nyarko)., Shimber ET; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Jaraczewski T; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Sgro M; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Basmayor AM; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Ergete A; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Iverson K; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Schroeder M; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Dodgion C; From the Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Shimber, Ergete, Dodgion); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Jaraczewski, Sgro, Basmayor, Iverson, Schroeder, Dodgion)., Gyedu A; From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Gyedu, Donkor); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Nakua); and the Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA (Mock)., Nakua E; From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Gyedu, Donkor); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Nakua); and the Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA (Mock)., Donkor P; From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Gyedu, Donkor); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Nakua); and the Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA (Mock)., Mock C; From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Gyedu, Donkor); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (Nakua); and the Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA (Mock)., Awedew A; From Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Awedew, Yibeltal); Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Laeke); and Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele)., Laeke T; From Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Awedew, Yibeltal); Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Laeke); and Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele)., Yibeltal M; From Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Awedew, Yibeltal); Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Laeke); and Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele)., Ayele M; From Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Awedew, Yibeltal); Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Laeke); and Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele)., Melkamu H; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Bekele S; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Hailemariam B; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Shiferaw E; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Shiferaw Y; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Yirdaw W; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Sawhney R; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Patel S; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Basak D; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Veetil DK; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Roy N; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Wärnberg MG; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Rath S; From the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India (Sawhney, Patel, Basak); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the IPGME&R-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India (Basak); the Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, Delhi (Veetil); the George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India (Roy); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy, Wärnberg); Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (Wärnberg); and the Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India (Rath)., Abdullahi MAS; From the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria ( Abdullahi, Mbaya, Kakasanda, Danjuma, Olasoji); and the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh)., Mbaya K; From the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria ( Abdullahi, Mbaya, Kakasanda, Danjuma, Olasoji); and the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh)., Kakasanda A; From the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria ( Abdullahi, Mbaya, Kakasanda, Danjuma, Olasoji); and the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh)., Danjuma S; From the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria ( Abdullahi, Mbaya, Kakasanda, Danjuma, Olasoji); and the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh)., Olasoji H; From the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria ( Abdullahi, Mbaya, Kakasanda, Danjuma, Olasoji); and the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh)., Ameh E; From the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria ( Abdullahi, Mbaya, Kakasanda, Danjuma, Olasoji); and the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh)., Bedada A; From the University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Motsumi MJ; From the University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Hamda SG; From the University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Ibro S; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Amdisa); and the Research Center for Road and Transport Safety, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Tilahun)., Amdisa D; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Amdisa); and the Research Center for Road and Transport Safety, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Tilahun)., Tilahun G; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Amdisa); and the Research Center for Road and Transport Safety, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Tilahun)., Abeza M; From the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Laeke)., Laeke T; From the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Laeke)., Boroditsky M; From the Division of Plastic Surgery and the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Hill M; From the Division of Plastic Surgery and the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Hilzenrat R; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Livergant R; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Adams J; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Binda C; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Chhor A; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Hsiao H; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Haji F; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Chin E; From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Hilzenrat, Livergant); the Global Surgery Laboratory, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Adams); the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Binda, Hsiao); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Chhor); the Department of Surgery, Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji, Chin); the Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Chin)., Oyania F; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Stephens CQ; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Ullrich S; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Kotagal M; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Bajunirwe F; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Ozgediz DE; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Poenaru D; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Oyania, Bajunirwe); the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Oyania, Stephens, Ozgediz); the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA (Ullrich, Kotagal); and McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Poenaru)., Kravarioti D; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Wong LY; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Teklemariam TL; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Tirsit A; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Liyew T; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Ferguson M; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Plackett T; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Henry JC; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Dodgion C; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Abeza MA; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Minas SM; From the Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece (Kravarioti); The G4 Alliance, Chicago, Ill., USA (Kravarioti, Wong, Liyew, Henry, Dodgion); the Department of General Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Ore., USA (Wong); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Wong); the Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Teklemariam, Tirsit); the Jhpiego-affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA (Teklemariam, Liyew, Minas); the Ethiopian Medical Association's Standing Committee on Medical Research and Scholarships, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Liyew); the Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Ferguson); the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Plackett); the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (Henry); the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Dodgion); the Nordic Medical Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza); and the Injury Prevention Initiative for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abeza, Minas)., Bouchard M; From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Bouchard); and the Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Lady Ridgeway Children's Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka (Tennakoon)., Tennakoon D; From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Bouchard); and the Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Lady Ridgeway Children's Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka (Tennakoon)., Sawhney R; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Burra R; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Mathew F; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Jones A; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Virk S; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Patel S; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Vaghaiwalla T; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Hudspeth J; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Rabin T; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Rowthorn V; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Price RR; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Raykar N; From the Association of Academic Global Surgery (Sawhney, Burra, Mathew, Vaghaiwalla, Raykar); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney); the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA (Burra); the Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA (Mathew); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Jones); Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA (Virk); B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (Patel); the DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA (Vaghaiwalla); the Department of Internal Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Mass., USA (Hudspeth); the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA (Rabin); the University of Maryland School of Graduate Studies, Baltimore, Md., USA ( Rowthorn); the Center for Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (Price); and the Department of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA (Raykar)., Eamer G; From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Eamer, Lett); the Division of non-communicable diseases, Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya (Mutiso, Kisaka, Gathecha); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Lett)., Mutiso S; From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Eamer, Lett); the Division of non-communicable diseases, Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya (Mutiso, Kisaka, Gathecha); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Lett)., Kisaka Y; From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Eamer, Lett); the Division of non-communicable diseases, Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya (Mutiso, Kisaka, Gathecha); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Lett)., Gathecha G; From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Eamer, Lett); the Division of non-communicable diseases, Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya (Mutiso, Kisaka, Gathecha); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Lett)., Lett R; From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada (Eamer); the Canadian Network for International Surgery (Eamer, Lett); the Division of non-communicable diseases, Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya (Mutiso, Kisaka, Gathecha); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Lett)., Onu C; From the Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Ameh E; From the Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Igoche M; From the Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Anyanwu P; From the Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria., Onuh E; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Ojeamen O; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Yawe ET; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Abubakar A; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Ashoms Y; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Suleiman H; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Musa N; From the National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (Onuh, Ojeamen, Yawe, Ashoms, Suleiman, Musa); and the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria ( Abubakar)., Kyengera DK; From the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Department of Surgery, Mbarara, Uganda., Abebe N; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abebe); and The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Gardener)., Gardener R; From St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abebe); and The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Gardener)., Berhanu D; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu); and the Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abebe, Zeleke)., Abebe NS; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu); and the Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abebe, Zeleke)., Zeleke HT; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu); and the Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abebe, Zeleke)., Sawhney R; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney, Proulx, Gerk, Poenaru); and the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Guadagno, Poenaru)., Proulx KR; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney, Proulx, Gerk, Poenaru); and the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Guadagno, Poenaru)., Gerk A; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney, Proulx, Gerk, Poenaru); and the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Guadagno, Poenaru)., Guadagno E; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney, Proulx, Gerk, Poenaru); and the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Guadagno, Poenaru)., Poenaru D; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Sawhney, Proulx, Gerk, Poenaru); and the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Guadagno, Poenaru)., Kundu S; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Laor B; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Sawhney R; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Wurdeman T; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Botelho F; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Gerk A; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Guadagno E; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Poenaru D; From McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Laor, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Poenaru); the Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Kundu, Sawhney, Botelho, Gerk, Guadagno, Poenaru); the Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, Calif., USA ( Wurdeman); and the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Wurdeman, Gerk)., Ayele M; From the Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele); Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Kassahun, Laeke); Debre Tabor University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yibeltal); Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe, Ethiopia (Hailu); and Debre Berhan University College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Fikru)., Kassahun A; From the Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele); Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Kassahun, Laeke); Debre Tabor University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yibeltal); Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe, Ethiopia (Hailu); and Debre Berhan University College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Fikru)., Laeke T; From the Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele); Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Kassahun, Laeke); Debre Tabor University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yibeltal); Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe, Ethiopia (Hailu); and Debre Berhan University College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Fikru)., Yibeltal M; From the Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele); Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Kassahun, Laeke); Debre Tabor University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yibeltal); Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe, Ethiopia (Hailu); and Debre Berhan University College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Fikru)., Hailu B; From the Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele); Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Kassahun, Laeke); Debre Tabor University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yibeltal); Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe, Ethiopia (Hailu); and Debre Berhan University College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Fikru)., Fikru E; From the Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Ayele); Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Kassahun, Laeke); Debre Tabor University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (Yibeltal); Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe, Ethiopia (Hailu); and Debre Berhan University College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia (Fikru)., Ibro SA; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Workineh, Balcha, Abamecha, Shemsi); and the Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Alruwaili)., Workineh A; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Workineh, Balcha, Abamecha, Shemsi); and the Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Alruwaili)., Balcha F; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Workineh, Balcha, Abamecha, Shemsi); and the Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Alruwaili)., Abamecha F; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Workineh, Balcha, Abamecha, Shemsi); and the Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Alruwaili)., Shemsi S; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Workineh, Balcha, Abamecha, Shemsi); and the Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Alruwaili)., Alruwaili AS; From the Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (Ibro, Workineh, Balcha, Abamecha, Shemsi); and the Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Alruwaili)., Rodriguez G; From the Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, N.Y., USA (Rodriguez, Jose); and Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan (Ebied)., Jose A; From the Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, N.Y., USA (Rodriguez, Jose); and Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan (Ebied)., Ebied S; From the Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, N.Y., USA (Rodriguez, Jose); and Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan (Ebied)., Girma S; From Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Abiy A; From Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Assen HE; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Tesfaye K; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Demeke K; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Yiheyis A; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Jemal K; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Yilkal D; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Amsalu A; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Derseh L; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., W/Gerima Y; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Belayneh T; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Tiruneh M; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Bitew A; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Yitayih S; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Awoke T; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Worku C; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Mohammed A; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Alemu M; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Yesuf M; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Mamo F; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Shitu K; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Liyew B; From the Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Assen, Yilkal, W/Gerima, Belayneh); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Derseh, Awoke, Mamo); the Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ( Tesfaye, Bitew, Yesuf); the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Demeke); the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yiheyis, Amsalu, Tiruneh, Alemu); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Jemal); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Yitayih); the Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Worku); the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, South Wollo, Ethiopia (Mohammed); the Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Shitu); and the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (Liyew)., Gucho A; From the Pan African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Soddo Christian Hospital, Sodo, Ethiopia., Tilahun G; From the Pan African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Soddo Christian Hospital, Sodo, Ethiopia., Love T; From the Pan African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Soddo Christian Hospital, Sodo, Ethiopia., Chew A; From the Pan African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Soddo Christian Hospital, Sodo, Ethiopia., Kasagga B; From the Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga); the Society of Uganda Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga, Elobu); the Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon ( Takoutsing); the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda (Ekwaro)., Takoutsing B; From the Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga); the Society of Uganda Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga, Elobu); the Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon ( Takoutsing); the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda (Ekwaro)., Ekwaro O; From the Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga); the Society of Uganda Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga, Elobu); the Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon ( Takoutsing); the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda (Ekwaro)., Elobu E; From the Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga); the Society of Uganda Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Kampala, Uganda (Kasagga, Elobu); the Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon ( Takoutsing); the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda (Ekwaro)., Mengistu DD; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Zhuang A; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Shiferew B; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Mengistu G; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Zewdie A; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Tadelle N; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Gebreyesus A; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Presser E; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Iverson K; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Dodgion C; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Weiser TG; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Koch R; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Starr N; From the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Shiferew, Gebreyesus, Tadelle); the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA (Zhuang); the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency & Trauma Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Mengistu, Zewdie); Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA (Presser); the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., USA (Iverson, Dodgion); Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., USA (Weiser); and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif., USA (Koch, Starr)., Lau D; From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Zivkovic I; From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Joharifard S; From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Joos E; From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Garraway N; From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Vituci F; From the Global Surgery Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland (Vituci, Ibbotson); the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn, Péric); and the United Nations Institute of Training and Research, Geneva, Switzerland (Simon)., O'Flynn E; From the Global Surgery Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland (Vituci, Ibbotson); the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn, Péric); and the United Nations Institute of Training and Research, Geneva, Switzerland (Simon)., Péric I; From the Global Surgery Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland (Vituci, Ibbotson); the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn, Péric); and the United Nations Institute of Training and Research, Geneva, Switzerland (Simon)., Simon L; From the Global Surgery Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland (Vituci, Ibbotson); the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn, Péric); and the United Nations Institute of Training and Research, Geneva, Switzerland (Simon)., Ibbotson G; From the Global Surgery Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland (Vituci, Ibbotson); the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn, Péric); and the United Nations Institute of Training and Research, Geneva, Switzerland (Simon)., Seyoum T; From Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Azazh A; From Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Beza L; From Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Onah I; From the National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria., Chukwuma C; From the National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria., Berhanu D; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu, Bedore); the School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (Shenoi, Sears); and the Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (Caplan)., Shenoi J; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu, Bedore); the School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (Shenoi, Sears); and the Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (Caplan)., Sears N; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu, Bedore); the School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (Shenoi, Sears); and the Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (Caplan)., Bedore Y; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu, Bedore); the School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (Shenoi, Sears); and the Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (Caplan)., Caplan R; From the Department of Surgery, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia (Berhanu, Bedore); the School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (Shenoi, Sears); and the Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (Caplan)., Shale WT; From Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Publikováno v: Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie [Can J Surg] 2024 Oct 29; Vol. 67 (5suppl1), pp. S1-S16. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 29 (Print Publication: 2024).

The effect of organizational justice on organizational commitment in the public universities in Amhara region

Autor: Shimelis Teshome, Getnet Bitew, Tilahun G/meskel

Publikováno v: Bahir Dar Journal of Education, Vol 21, Iss 1 (2023)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of organizational justice (OJ) on organizational commitment (OC) in the public universities of Amhara region. A descriptive survey design was employed. The size of the population was 2170. Of these,

Externí odkaz: https://doaj.org/article/7ff2e13679fb492bb25c4c3744ebd9cd

Effect of Auditable Pharmaceutical Services and Transaction System on Pharmaceutical Service Outcomes in Public Hospitals of SNNPR, Ethiopia

Autor: Beyene D, Abuye H, Tilahun G

Publikováno v: Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, Vol Volume 9, Pp 185-194 (2020)

Deginet Beyene,1 Habtamu Abuye,2 Gizachew Tilahun3 1Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management, Pharmacy Department Unit, Doctor Bogalech Gebre Memorial General Hospital, Durame, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,

Externí odkaz: https://doaj.org/article/9e51a9ddbdfb4b898aa1928d21128119

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in free-range chickens ( Gallus domesticus ) of Central Ethiopia

Autor: GEBREMEDHIN, E. Z., TESFAMARYAM, G., YUNUS, H.A., DUGUMA, R., TILAHUN, G., DI MARCO, V., VITALE, M.

Publikováno v: Epidemiology and Infection, 2015 Feb 01. 143(3), 608-617.

Externí odkaz: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26512661