Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets for Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

Autor: Schjørring OL; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Klitgaard TL; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Perner A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Wetterslev J; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Lange T; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Siegemund M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Bäcklund M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Keus F; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Laake JH; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Morgan M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Thormar KM; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Rosborg SA; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Bisgaard J; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Erntgaard AES; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Lynnerup AH; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Pedersen RL; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Crescioli E; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Gielstrup TC; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Behzadi MT; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Poulsen LM; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Estrup S; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Laigaard JP; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Andersen C; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Mortensen CB; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Brand BA; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., White J; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Jarnvig IL; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Møller MH; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Quist L; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Bestle MH; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Schønemann-Lund M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Kamper MK; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Hindborg M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Hollinger A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Gebhard CE; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Zellweger N; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Meyhoff CS; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Hjort M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Bech LK; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Grøfte T; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Bundgaard H; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Østergaard LHM; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Thyø MA; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Hildebrandt T; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Uslu B; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Sølling CG; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Møller-Nielsen N; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Brøchner AC; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Borup M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Okkonen M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Dieperink W; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Pedersen UG; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Andreasen AS; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Buus L; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Aslam TN; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Winding RR; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Schefold JC; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Thorup SB; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Iversen SA; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Engstrøm J; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Kjær MN; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.)., Rasmussen BS; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg (O.L.S., T.L.K., S.A.R., J.B., A.E.S.E., A.-S.H.L., R.L.P., E.C., T.C.G., M.T.B., B.S.R.), Zealand University Hospital, Køge (L.M.P., S.E., J.P.L., C.A., C.B.M.), Rigshospitalet (A.P., B.A.B., J. Wetterslev, I.-L.J., M.H.M., L.Q., M.-B.N.K.) and the Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, and Frederiksberg Hospital (C.S.M., M. Hjort, L.K.B.) and the Copenhagen Trial Unit (J. White, J.E.), Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod (M.H.B., M.S.-L., M.K.K., M. Hindborg), Randers Hospital, Randers (T.G., H.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby North, Aarhus (L.H.M.Ø., M.A.T.), Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (T.H., B.U.), Viborg Hospital, Viborg (C.G.S., N.M.-N.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (A.C.B., M. Bäcklund), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (U.G.P.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev (A.S.A.), Horsens Hospital, Horsens (L.B.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.R.W.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (S.B.T.), and Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse (S.A.I.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Intensive Care and Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel (M.S., A.H., C.E.G., N.Z.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern (J.C.S.) - both in Switzerland; the Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (M.B., M.O.); the Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (F.K., W.D.); the Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and of Clinical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (J.H.L., T.N.A.); the Department of Intensive Care, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.M.); and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.M.T.).

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2021 Apr 08; Vol. 384 (14), pp. 1301-1311. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 20.

Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock.

Autor: Holst LB; From the Department of Intensive Care (L.B.H., N.H., L.H.A., U.G.P., N.R., J. Wiis, J.O.W., L.R., K.J.T., P.B.H., R.G.M., M.H.M., M.S., A.P.), Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research (J. Wetterslev, P.W.), and Section for Transfusion Medicine (P.I.J.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Randers Hospital, Randers (M.L.V., H.B., M.A.T.), Herning Hospital, Herning (R.W., D.L., R.M.), Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre (L.N., C.A.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (H.L.N., D.I.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (B.S.R.), Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk (J.R.M.L.), Kolding Hospital, Kolding (J.S.N.), and Hjørring Hospital, Hjørring (M.K.) - all in Denmark; Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm (J. Wernerman, I.T., K.K., S.O.-W.), Karolinska University Hospital, Solna (A.O.), and Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (M.B.C.) - all in Sweden; Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (A.B.G., B.S.); Tampere University Hospital, Tampere (S.K.), and Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki (V.P.) - all in Finland; and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney (A.Å.)., Haase N, Wetterslev J, Wernerman J, Guttormsen AB, Karlsson S, Johansson PI, Aneman A, Vang ML, Winding R, Nebrich L, Nibro HL, Rasmussen BS, Lauridsen JR, Nielsen JS, Oldner A, Pettilä V, Cronhjort MB, Andersen LH, Pedersen UG, Reiter N, Wiis J, White JO, Russell L, Thornberg KJ, Hjortrup PB, Müller RG, Møller MH, Steensen M, Tjäder I, Kilsand K, Odeberg-Wernerman S, Sjøbø B, Bundgaard H, Thyø MA, Lodahl D, Mærkedahl R, Albeck C, Illum D, Kruse M, Winkel P, Perner A

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2014 Oct 09; Vol. 371 (15), pp. 1381-91. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Oct 01.

Awake prone positioning in nonintubated spontaneous breathing ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (PRONELIFE)-protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Autor: Morales-Quinteros, L.^1,2 (AUTHOR) lfmoralesq@tauli.cat, Schultz, M. J.^3,4,5 (AUTHOR), Serpa-Neto, A.^3,6,7 (AUTHOR), Antonelli, M.⁸ (AUTHOR), Grieco, D. L.⁸ (AUTHOR), Roca, O.^9,10 (AUTHOR), Juffermans, N. P.^3,11 (AUTHOR), de Haro, C.^2,12 (AUTHOR), de Mendoza, D.¹³ (AUTHOR), Blanch, Ll.^2,10,12 (AUTHOR), Camprubí-Rimblas, M.^2,10 (AUTHOR), Gomà, Gemma¹² (AUTHOR), Artigas-Raventós, A.^2,10,12 (AUTHOR), PRONELIFE collaborative group (CORPORATE AUTHOR)

Publikováno v: Trials. 1/10/2022, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts.

Conservative or liberal oxygen targets in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Autor: Burrell A; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Bailey MJ; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Bellomo R; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Buscher H; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia., Eastwood G; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia., Forrest P; Intensive Care Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Fraser JF; Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.; Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia., Fulcher B; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Gattas D; Intensive Care Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Higgins AM; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia., Hodgson CL; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Litton E; Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia.; The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes and Resources Evaluation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Martin EL; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Nair P; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia.; Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Ng SJ; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Orford N; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia., Ottosen K; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Paul E; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Pellegrino V; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Reid L; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Shekar K; Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.; Adult Intensive Care Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia., Totaro RJ; Intensive Care Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Trapani T; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia., Udy A; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Ziegenfuss M; Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia.; Adult Intensive Care Unit, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia., Pilcher D; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. david.pilcher@monash.edu.; Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. david.pilcher@monash.edu.; The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes and Resources Evaluation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. david.pilcher@monash.edu.

Publikováno v: Intensive care medicine [Intensive Care Med] 2024 Sep; Vol. 50 (9), pp. 1470-1483. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 20.

Factors associated with non-response at health-related quality of life follow-up in a septic shock trial.

Autor: Kjær, M. N.¹, Mortensen, C. B.^2,3, Hjortrup, P. B.¹, Rygård, S. L.¹, Andersen, I.⁴, Perner, A.^1,5 anders.perner@rh.regionh.dk, Kjaer, M N¹ (AUTHOR)

Publikováno v: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Mar2018, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p357-366. 10p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph.