Zobrazeno 1 - 3
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pro vyhledávání: '"Strength, Cayce"'
Autor:
Mart, Matthew F, Boehm, Leanne M, Kiehl, Amy L, Gong, Michelle N, Malhotra, Atul, Owens, Robert L, Khan, Babar A, Pisani, Margaret A, Schmidt, Gregory A, Hite, R Duncan, Exline, Matthew C, Carson, Shannon S, Hough, Catherine L, Rock, Peter, Douglas, Ivor S, Feinstein, Daniel J, Hyzy, Robert C, Schweickert, William D, Bowton, David L, Masica, Andrew, Orun, Onur M, Raman, Rameela, Pun, Brenda T, Strength, Cayce, Rolfsen, Mark L, Pandharipande, Pratik P, Brummel, Nathan E, Hughes, Christopher G, Patel, Mayur B, Stollings, Joanna L, Ely, E Wesley, Jackson, James C, Girard, Timothy D *
Publikováno v:
In The Lancet Respiratory Medicine August 2024 12(8):599-607
Akademický článek
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Autor:
Girard TD; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Exline MC; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Carson SS; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hough CL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Rock P; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Gong MN; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Douglas IS; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Malhotra A; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Owens RL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Feinstein DJ; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Khan B; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Pisani MA; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hyzy RC; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Schmidt GA; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Schweickert WD; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hite RD; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Bowton DL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Masica AL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Thompson JL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Chandrasekhar R; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Pun BT; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Strength C; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Boehm LM; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Jackson JC; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Pandharipande PP; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Brummel NE; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hughes CG; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Patel MB; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Stollings JL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Bernard GR; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Dittus RS; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Ely EW; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville.
Publikováno v:
The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2018 Dec 27; Vol. 379 (26), pp. 2506-2516. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 22.