Clinical Outcomes in 3343 Children and Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease From 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Two-Year Follow-Up of the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY Study).

Autor: Zühlke L; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Karthikeyan G; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Engel ME; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Rangarajan S; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Mackie P; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Cupido-Katya Mauff B; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Islam S; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Daniels R; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Francis V; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Ogendo S; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Gitura B; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Mondo C; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Okello E; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Lwabi P; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Al-Kebsi MM; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Hugo-Hamman C; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Sheta SS; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Haileamlak A; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Daniel W; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Goshu DY; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Abdissa SG; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Desta AG; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Shasho BA; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Begna DM; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., ElSayed A; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Ibrahim AS; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Musuku J; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Bode-Thomas F; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Yilgwan CC; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Amusa GA; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Ige O; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Okeahialam B; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Sutton C; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Misra R; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Abul Fadl A; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Kennedy N; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Damasceno A; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Sani MU; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Ogah OS; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Elhassan TO; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Mocumbi AO; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Adeoye AM; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Mntla P; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Ojji D; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Mucumbitsi J; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Teo K; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Yusuf S; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.)., Mayosi BM; From Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., M.E.E., B.C., R.D., V.F., B.M.M.); Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.Z., C.H.-H.); Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (G.K.); Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (S.R., P.M., S.I., K.T., S.Y.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (K.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya (S.O.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (B.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda (C.M.); Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala (E.O., P.L.); Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Sana'a, Al-Thawrah Cardiac Center, Yemen (M.M.A.-K.); Paediatric Cardiology Service, Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia (C.H.-H.); Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt (S.S.S.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia (A.H., W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (D.Y.G., S.G.A., A.G.D., B.A.S., D.M.B.); Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan (A.E., A.S.I.); University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka (J.M.); Departments of Paediatrics and Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (F.B.-T., C.C.Y., G.A.A., O.I., B.O.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (C.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa (R.M.); Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt (A.A.F.); Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre (N.K.); Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.D.); Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (M.U.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (O.S.O., A.M.A.); Nigeria Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Abia State (O.S.O.); Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (O.S.O., T.O.); Ahmed Gasim Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan (H.H.M.E.); Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique (A.O.M.); Department of Cardiology, Dr. George Mukhari Hospital and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Tshwane, South Africa (P.M.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (D.O.); and Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda (J.M.). bongani.mayosi@uct.ac.za.

Publikováno v: Circulation [Circulation] 2016 Nov 08; Vol. 134 (19), pp. 1456-1466. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Oct 04.