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A case series and systematic review of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder outcome after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Autor: Cavalloni F; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Debove I; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Lachenmayer ML; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Krack P; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Pollo C; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Schuepbach WMM; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Bassetti CLA; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland., Bargiotas P; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: bargiotas.panagiotis@ucy.ac.cy.

Publikováno v: Sleep medicine [Sleep Med] 2021 Jan; Vol. 77, pp. 170-176. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 29.

Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain stimulation in early Parkinson disease.

Autor: Schuepbach WMM; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Tonder L; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Schnitzler A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Krack P; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Rau J; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Hartmann A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Hälbig TD; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Pineau F; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Falk A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Paschen L; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Paschen S; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Volkmann J; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Dafsari HS; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Barbe MT; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Fink GR; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Kühn A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Kupsch A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Schneider GH; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Seigneuret E; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Fraix V; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Kistner A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Chaynes PP; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Ory-Magne F; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Brefel-Courbon C; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Vesper J; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Wojtecki L; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Derrey S; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Maltête D; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Damier P; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Derkinderen P; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Sixel-Döring F; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Trenkwalder C; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Gharabaghi A; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Wächter T; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Weiss D; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Pinsker MO; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Regis JM; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Witjas T; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Thobois S; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Mertens P; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Knudsen K; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Schade-Brittinger C; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Houeto JL; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Agid Y; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Vidailhet M; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Timmermann L; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany., Deuschl G; From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany. g.deuschl@neurologie.uni-kiel.de.

Publikováno v: Neurology [Neurology] 2019 Mar 05; Vol. 92 (10), pp. e1109-e1120. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 08.