Outpatient Talc Administration by Indwelling Pleural Catheter for Malignant Effusion.

Autor: Bhatnagar R; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Keenan EK; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Morley AJ; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Kahan BC; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Stanton AE; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Haris M; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Harrison RN; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Mustafa RA; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Bishop LJ; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Ahmed L; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., West A; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Holme J; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Evison M; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Munavvar M; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Sivasothy P; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Herre J; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Cooper D; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Roberts M; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Guhan A; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Hooper C; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Walters J; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Saba TS; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Chakrabarti B; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Gunatilake S; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Psallidas I; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Walker SP; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Bibby AC; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Smith S; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Stadon LJ; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Zahan-Evans NJ; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Lee YCG; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Harvey JE; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Rahman NM; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Miller RF; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.)., Maskell NA; From the Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol (R.B., S.P.W., A.C.B., N.A.M.), and North Bristol NHS Trust (R.B., E.K.K., A.J.M., S.P.W., A.C.B., S.S., L.J.S., N.J.Z.-E., J.E.H., N.A.M.), Bristol, the Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London (B.C.K.), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (L.A., A.W.), King's College School of Medicine, King's College University (L.A.), and the Institute for Global Health, University College London (R.F.M.), London, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon (A.E.S.), University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent (M.H.), the School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme (M.H.), North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (R.N.H.), South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough (R.A.M.), Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth (L.J.B.), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (J. Holme, M.E.), Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston (M.M.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (P.S., J. Herre), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields (D.C.), Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield (M.R.), NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayr (A.G.), Worcester Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (C.H.), Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.W.), Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool (T.S.S.), Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool (B.C.), Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester (S.G.), and the Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford (I.P., N.M.R.), the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (I.P., N.M.R.), and the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (N.M.R.), Oxford - all in the United Kingdom; and the Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia (Y.C.G.L.).

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2018 Apr 05; Vol. 378 (14), pp. 1313-1322.