Radiomics and Deep Features: Robust Classification of Brain Hemorrhages and Reproducibility Analysis Using a 3D Autoencoder Neural Network.

Autor: Bijari S; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj P.O. Box 66177-13446, Iran., Sayfollahi S; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 14496-14535, Iran., Mardokh-Rouhani S; Mechanical Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj P.O. Box 66177-15175, Iran., Bijari S; Department of Aging and Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd P.O. Box 89151-73160, Iran., Moradian S; Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 14197-33151, Iran., Zahiri Z; Department of Radiation Oncology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz P.O. Box 61357-15794, Iran., Rezaeijo SM; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz P.O. Box 61357-15794, Iran.; Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz P.O. Box 61357-15794, Iran.

Publikováno v: Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) [Bioengineering (Basel)] 2024 Jun 24; Vol. 11 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 24.

The Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative: Standardized Convolutional Filters for Reproducible Radiomics and Enhanced Clinical Insights.

Autor: Whybra P; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Zwanenburg A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Andrearczyk V; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Schaer R; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Apte AP; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Ayotte A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Baheti B; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Bakas S; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Bettinelli A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Boellaard R; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Boldrini L; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Buvat I; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Cook GJR; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Dietsche F; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Dinapoli N; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Gabryś HS; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Goh V; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Guckenberger M; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Hatt M; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Hosseinzadeh M; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Iyer A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Lenkowicz J; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Loutfi MAL; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Löck S; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Marturano F; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Morin O; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Nioche C; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Orlhac F; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Pati S; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Rahmim A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Rezaeijo SM; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Rookyard CG; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Salmanpour MR; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Schindele A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Shiri I; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Spezi E; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Tanadini-Lang S; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Tixier F; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Upadhaya T; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Valentini V; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., van Griethuysen JJM; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Yousefirizi F; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Zaidi H; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Müller H; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Vallières M; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.)., Depeursinge A; From the School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (P.W., E.S.); OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany (A.Z., S.L.); National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstrasse 74, PF 41 Dresden 01307, Germany (A.Z.); Institute of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland (V.A., R.S., H.M., A.D.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.P.A., A.I.); Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada (A.A., M.A.L.L., M.V.); Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Division of Computational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind (B.B., S.B., S.P.); Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy (A.B., F.M.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (L.B., N.D., J.L.); Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France (I.B., C.N., F.O.); Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (G.J.R.C., V.G., C.G.R.); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (F.D., H.S.G., M.G., S.T.); Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G.); LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne-Occidentale, Brest, France (M. Hatt, F.T.); Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp), Vancouver, Canada (M. Hosseinzadeh, M.R.S.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (M. Hosseinzadeh); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (O.M., T.U.); Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.R.); Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (S.M.R.); Repository Unit, Cancer Research UK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator, United Kingdom (C.G.R.); Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.R.S., F.Y.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (A.S.); Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (I.S., H.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland (I.S.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Milano, Milan, Italy (V.V.); Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.J.M.v.G.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Canada (M.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.).

Publikováno v: Radiology [Radiology] 2024 Feb; Vol. 310 (2), pp. e231319.

Fusion-based tensor radiomics using reproducible features: Application to survival prediction in head and neck cancer.

Autor: Salmanpour MR; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp.), Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: msalman@bccrc.ca., Hosseinzadeh M; Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp.), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran., Rezaeijo SM; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Rahmim A; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Publikováno v: Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 2023 Oct; Vol. 240, pp. 107714. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 08.

Within-Modality Synthesis and Novel Radiomic Evaluation of Brain MRI Scans.

Autor: Rezaeijo SM; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Chegeni N; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Baghaei Naeini F; Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road Campus, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK., Makris D; Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road Campus, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK., Bakas S; Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road Campus, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK.; Richards Medical Research Laboratories, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Floor 7, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Publikováno v: Cancers [Cancers (Basel)] 2023 Jul 10; Vol. 15 (14). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 10.

Prediction of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease Using Clinical and DAT SPECT Imaging Features, and Hybrid Machine Learning Systems.

Autor: Hosseinzadeh M; Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp.), Vancouver, BC V5E 3J7, Canada.; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran 14115111, Iran., Gorji A; Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence Research Group (NAIRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran., Fathi Jouzdani A; Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence Research Group (NAIRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran., Rezaeijo SM; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran., Rahmim A; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.; Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada., Salmanpour MR; Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp.), Vancouver, BC V5E 3J7, Canada.; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.

Publikováno v: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) [Diagnostics (Basel)] 2023 May 10; Vol. 13 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 10.