Biting the bullet on ethical veganism, antinatalism, and the demands of morality.

Autor: Räsänen J; Department of Philosophy, Contemporary History and Political Science, Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. joona.rasanen@utu.fi.

Publikováno v: Theoretical medicine and bioethics [Theor Med Bioeth] 2024 Sep 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 27.

Defending the disease view of pregnancy: a reply to our critics.

Autor: Räsänen J; Department of Philosophy, Contemporary History and Political Science & Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland joona.rasanen@utu.fi., Smajdor A; IFIKK, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Publikováno v: Journal of medical ethics [J Med Ethics] 2024 Oct 08. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 08.

Risk Variants Associated With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Genome-Wide Association Study in the FinnGen Cohort.

Autor: Räsänen J; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Heikkinen S; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Mäklin K; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Lipponen A; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Kuulasmaa T; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Mehtonen J; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Korhonen VE; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Junkkari A; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Grenier-Boley B; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Bellenguez C; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Oinas M; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Avellan C; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Frantzén J; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Kotkansalo A; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Rinne J; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Ronkainen A; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Kauppinen M; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., von Und Zu Fraunberg M; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Lönnrot K; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Satopää J; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Perola M; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Koivisto AM; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Julkunen V; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Portaankorva AM; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Mannermaa A; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Soininen H; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Helisalmi S; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Jääskeläinen JE; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Lambert JC; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Eide PK; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Palotie A; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Kurki MI; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Hiltunen M; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA., Leinonen V; From the Department of Neurosurgery (J. Räsänen, K.M., V.E.K., M.O., J.E.J., V.L.), Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurosurgery, and Institute of Biomedicine (S. Heikkinen, K.M., A.L., T.K., M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (J.M., A.P.), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Univ. Lille (B.G.-B., C.B., J.-C.L.), Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, France; Department of Neurosurgery (M.O., K.L., J.S.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Clinical Neurosciences (C.A., J.F., A.K., J. Rinne), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurosurgery (A.R.), Tampere University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience (M.K., M.v.u.z.F.), Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) (M.P.); University of Helsinki (M.P.); Department of Neurosciences (A.M.K., A.M.P.), University of Helsinki; Department of Geriatrics (A.M.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; NeuroCenter (A.M.K.), Kuopio University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology (V.J., H.S.), University of Eastern Finland; School of Medicine (A.M.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology (A.M.), Kuopio University Hospital; Unit of Clinical Medicine (S. Helisalmi), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.E.), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.K.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research (P.K.E.), University of Oslo, Norway; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.P., M.I.K.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (A.P., M.I.K.), and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.P., M.I.K.), Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA.

Publikováno v: Neurology [Neurology] 2024 Sep 10; Vol. 103 (5), pp. e209694. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 14.

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K zobrazení výsledku je třeba se přihlásit.

When biological ageing is desirable? A reply to García-Barranquero et al .

Autor: Räsänen J; CEPDISC - Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark joona.rasanen@ps.au.dk.

Publikováno v: Journal of medical ethics [J Med Ethics] 2024 May 22; Vol. 50 (6), pp. 425-426. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 22.