Harnisch, S., Brummer, K., & Oppermann, K. (Hrsg.). (2015). Sonderbeziehungen als Nexus zwischen Außenpolitik und internationalen Beziehungen. Baden-Baden: Nomos

Autor: Christoph Rohde

Publikováno v: Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. 9:569-571

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s12399-016-0582-0

Prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus among middle-aged women in southern Brazil: a population-based study.

Autor: Oppermann K; From the Medicine School, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil., Spritzer PM

Publikováno v: Menopause (New York, N.Y.) [Menopause] 2024 Mar 01; Vol. 31 (3), pp. 225-230.

Harnisch, S., Brummer, K., & Oppermann, K. (Hrsg.). (2015). Sonderbeziehungen als Nexus zwischen Außenpolitik und internationalen Beziehungen.Baden-Baden: Nomos.

Autor: Rohde, Christoph

Publikováno v: Zeitschrift für Sicherheits- und Außenpolitik; October 2016, Vol. 9 Issue: 4 p569-571, 3p

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Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.

Autor: Magnussen C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ojeda FM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Leong DP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Alegre-Diaz J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Amouyel P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Aviles-Santa L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., De Bacquer D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ballantyne CM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Bernabé-Ortiz A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Bobak M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Brenner H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Carrillo-Larco RM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., de Lemos J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Dobson A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Dörr M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Donfrancesco C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Drygas W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Dullaart RP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Engström G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ferrario MM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ferrières J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., de Gaetano G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Goldbourt U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Gonzalez C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Grassi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Hodge AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Hveem K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Iacoviello L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ikram MK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Irazola V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Jobe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Jousilahti P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kaleebu P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kavousi M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kee F; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Khalili D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Koenig W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kontsevaya A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kuulasmaa K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lackner KJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Leistner DM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lind L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Linneberg A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lorenz T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lyngbakken MN; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Malekzadeh R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Malyutina S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Mathiesen EB; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Melander O; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Metspalu A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Miranda JJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Moitry M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Mugisha J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Nalini M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Nambi V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ninomiya T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Oppermann K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., d'Orsi E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Pająk A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Palmieri L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Panagiotakos D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Perianayagam A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Peters A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Poustchi H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Prentice AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Prescott E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Risérus U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Salomaa V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sans S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sakata S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Schöttker B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Schutte AE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sepanlou SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sharma SK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Shaw JE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Simons LA; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Söderberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Tamosiunas A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Thorand B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Tunstall-Pedoe H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Twerenbold R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Vanuzzo D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Veronesi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Waibel J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Wannamethee SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Watanabe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Wild PS; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Yao Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Zeng Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ziegler A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Blankenberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.

Publikováno v: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2023 Oct 05; Vol. 389 (14), pp. 1273-1285. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 26.